Many of the old-timers here will have heard this before, but I will repeat it for the newbies.

I consider myself part of the new-age 'revolution' partly because of my views on the nature of consciousness but more directly because of the following observation :

I concluded that mathematics could be said to exist externally to the Universe, that it began with 0 = 1 + -1, and is built up from that, and that it was possible that the Universe (or multiverse) itself was an object derived from mathematics, somewhat akin to a fractal. In the course of the investigations I was making I came across something called 'symettry mathematics', which considers zero to be the sum of all numbers, and a perfect infinity. -infinity and +infinity are considered to be 'half infinities', which when added together become a 'perfect infinity', or Zero.

Anyway, I was busy explaining to somebody why this was a very good reason for why something could come from nothing without the aid of an interventionist creator God, and that in fact 'everything' can be summed up quite nicely with "0 = 1 + -1", and this somebody, who is a Taoist, claimed that what I was describing was Yin & Yang. After a few moments consideration I felt I had no choice but to accept that Yin & Yang was indeed a perfect graphical representation of precisely what I was trying to describe with words, that the totality of all things is derived from a dynamic polar seperation of infinity. It seemed ridiculous to try and claim that it was not. I felt it was impossible to write this off as mere co-incidence. It would be a blatant denial of an obvious and apparently meaningful correspondence between my own personal philosophy and the enduring symbol of Eastern mysticism.

My knowledge of Buddhism and Taoism is rather limited. Can anybody tell me whether this connection was there from the start, or whether there are any schools of eastern philosophy which recognise this importance of this connection between mathematics and mysticism?

Likewise the whole "From one came two, from two came the multitude of things" can be looked upon as "From Zero came +1 and -1, from +1 and -1 came all else."

Any related information would be appreciated.

Refer to the book of "I Ching" ("Yi Jing" in Chinese, "I Ching" is used by the West). A book started way back to the Chou dynasty of ancient China. It was know as the "Chou Yi".
The "Chou Yi" says that all things are arise from the "Oneness" which give birth to the Ying-Yang (2) which give birth to the 4 "Xiang" which give birth to the 8 "Gua" follow by the 64 symbols of the I Ching & the 384 different interpretations for different occasions of life (people would consult the I Ching regarding important issues of life).

From the above I think you can see that it is a very important school of eastern philosophy which give rise to the school of Taoist & later influence the whole of the eastern culture of China in what is known as Taoist as a religion (hence Taoism).

Searh the web for "I Ching". It will give you more info.

PS Actually it is the world-view of the Taoist school of thought. Part of my world-view as well.