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Old 01-15-2003, 07:25 PM   #2
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Good stuff, Patrick! One more, kind of on the border of cultural and biological evolution:
"Orangutan Cultures and the Evolution of Material Culture"
Carel P. van Schaik, et al. , Science 2003 January 3; 299: 102-105.

Abstract:

Quote:
Geographic variation in some aspects of chimpanzee behavior has been interpreted as evidence for culture. Here we document similar geographic variation in orangutan behaviors. Moreover, as expected under a cultural interpretation, we find a correlation between geographic distance and cultural difference, a correlation between the abundance of opportunities for social learning and the size of the local cultural repertoire, and no effect of habitat on the content of culture. Hence, great-ape cultures exist, and may have done so for at least 14 million years.
Among these cultural traits is that of the orangs in only one particular forest to make "a loud sputtering sound" as they bed down for the night. Perhaps a "good night, John Boy" in orangutanese?
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