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Old 06-02-2009, 08:10 PM   #1
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Default Prochorus (not Papias) wrote down the fourth Gospel?

Of course this is just a late tradition which we can more or less dismiss, but even so I am curious to know the source of this claim. Consider the following:
The next authority that presents itself is the ninth-century note cited by Westcott (Canon, p.77), in which Papias is reported as stating that he wrote the gospel himself, John dictating "recte." But this passage can be cited no longer. Corssen has recently pointed out irrefutably its explanation by the following parallel in a Greek catena: ["'Ιωαννης ... ως παρεδοσαν ημιν ο τε 'Ειρεναιος και Ευσεβιος και αλλοι πιστοι κατα διαδοχην γεγονοτες ισταρικοι ... υπηγορευσε το ευαγγελιον τω εαυτου μαθητη Παπια."]* The scribe evidently drew his knowledge, not from Papias direct, but partly from Eusebius' statement about Papias writing down accounts received from "John the elder," and partly from a very late and palpably fictitious statement that Prochorus, disciple of John, wrote down the gospel, John dictating in an erect attitude (="recte"). (See Corssen, Monarchianische Prologe, pp. 114-17.)
--Badham, F.P. "The Martyrdom of St. John." The American Journal of Theology, Vol. 3, No. 4 (Oct., 1899), p737.

From what document is that Greek quote taken, and what does it say? I do not have access to Corssen's book (?), so I cannot look up the answers. But my guess is that the tradition appears in the only source I know which has a close tie to Prochorus, which is the so-called "Acts of John of Pseudo-Prochorus." However, even this text is mysterious to me. Consider:
Sections of the original Acts of John have survived in texts containing accounts of the apostle, especially in the Acts of John of Ps-Prochorus. How were these sections incorporated into other writings? Two main procedures, substitution and interpolation, can be discerned. In certain cases, the older story of the death of John, the Metastasis, was simply substituted for the story appearing in the Acts of Ps-Prochorus. In other cases, entire sections were inserted into the text of Ps-Prochorus's work. The compiler, who implanted large extracts of the original Acts of John into his copy of the Acts of Ps-Prochorus, was forced to recast the entire outline of the latter.
--Bovon, Francois. "The Synoptic Gospels and the Noncanonical Acts of the Apostles." The Harvard Theological Review, Vol. 81, No. 1 (Jan., 1988), p24.

So, is the "Acts of John of Pseudo-Prochorus" just stories about John which were supposedly written down by Prochorus? Or is there instead a text devoted to telling of the acts of Prochorus, in which was inserted various Acts of John? In any case, where can we find an English translation of this text?

Any help would be appreciated. Thanks!



*- Please note that the original text had various accents and other marks which I do not know how to reproduce here. This text is therefore only the basic characters.
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Old 06-02-2009, 10:50 PM   #2
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Of course this is just a late tradition which we can more or less dismiss, but even so I am curious to know the source of this claim. Consider the following:
The next authority that presents itself is the ninth-century note cited by Westcott (Canon, p.77), in which Papias is reported as stating that he wrote the gospel himself, John dictating "recte." But this passage can be cited no longer. Corssen has recently pointed out irrefutably its explanation by the following parallel in a Greek catena: ["'Ιωαννης ... ως παρεδοσαν ημιν ο τε 'Ειρεναιος και Ευσεβιος και αλλοι πιστοι κατα διαδοχην γεγονοτες ισταρικοι ... υπηγορευσε το ευαγγελιον τω εαυτου μαθητη Παπια."]* The scribe evidently drew his knowledge, not from Papias direct, but partly from Eusebius' statement about Papias writing down accounts received from "John the elder," and partly from a very late and palpably fictitious statement that Prochorus, disciple of John, wrote down the gospel, John dictating in an erect attitude (="recte"). (See Corssen, Monarchianische Prologe, pp. 114-17.)
--Badham, F.P. "The Martyrdom of St. John." The American Journal of Theology, Vol. 3, No. 4 (Oct., 1899), p737.

From what document is that Greek quote taken, and what does it say? I do not have access to Corssen's book (?), so I cannot look up the answers. But my guess is that the tradition appears in the only source I know which has a close tie to Prochorus, which is the so-called "Acts of John of Pseudo-Prochorus."
The Prochorus stuff is unclear to me (see Acts 6.5 for one of the seven deacons named Prochorus, and this name also appears on lists of the seventy sent out in Luke 10), but the catena is that of Balthasar Cordier.

Ben.
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Old 06-03-2009, 03:24 AM   #3
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This does all seem a little confused. What is the Westcott-Hort stuff a quote of?

The catena published by Corderius is a source of all sorts of things, as catenae tend to be.
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Old 06-03-2009, 07:29 AM   #4
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This does all seem a little confused. What is the Westcott-Hort stuff a quote of?
Just Westcott. He also had a life without Hort. The reference was to "General Survey of the History of the Canon of the New Testament", 1855.


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Old 06-03-2009, 09:10 AM   #5
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Thanks for the responses, guys!

The following is a Yahoo! Babel Fish translation of what I believe is the relevant paragraph from Peter Corssen's Monarchianische Prologe zu den vier Evangelien (pp115-117):
In this note the title is remarkable, which will gegben the work of the Papias. Irenaeus speaks only of [some Greek phrase or sentence]** the Papias (V.33, 4), without calling a special title. Eusebius adds this, where he citiert the place of the Irenaeus, in addition (H.E.III. 39.1) [some Greek phrase or sentence]**, and the book search in such a way later citiert (S. Harnack, Litteraturgesch. I. 67 FF.). Now however the title [some Greek phrase or sentence]** looks not like invention and receives a strong support by the attached explanation, in which extremis apparently out externis or extrancis is used up. As Nebentitel however it would not send itself probably badly for the work of the Papias. Because after Papias' we must accept own suggestions and after the remainders, which we have of its writings, that he preferably collected which in [some Greek phrase or sentence]** was verneichnet. So would be it conceivable that it would have already wanted in the title suggest that its collection of verbal certifications as a kind addition to the written excessive quantity, which it very probably could do, that it did not only think particularly highly from it, step should. But by the probability of the title the message becomes not more probable. Already the associated indication that Marcion of Johannes from the church (in such a way [mues]*** one nevertheless probably understands) discharged is, which nevertheless obviously decreases/goes back according to the opinion of the adviser also on Papias, more discreditier it. Because it is difficult to believe that Papias should have reported somewhat such, since Irenaeus a completely similar role is assigned, as it to Johannes here Polykarp opposite Marcion play lets (III. 3,4). Meanwhile the statement that Johannes Papias dictates its gospel, finds an apparent confirmation by the fact that it arises independently of latin authority still to another places. Into Catenegriechi fathers published by Corderius (see Harnack a.a.O.) it means: ['Ιωαννης ... ως παρεδοσαν ημιν ο τε 'Ειρεναιος και Ευσεβιος και αλλοι πιστοι κατα διαδοχην γεγονοτες ισταρικοι ... υπηγορευσε το ευαγγελιον τω εαυτου μαθητη Παπια.]* Here now however the remarkable difference steps out that the statement is attributed among other things not to Papias themselves, but to Irenaeus and Eusebius. Which these of Papias reported, we can control now fortunately. It be however only of importance, that this anything such of Papias it report have, but that also neither it a pupil the Johannes call, but a a listener, the other however, Eusebius, where he this report (H.E.III. 39, 1,2), this indication correct, by he from the writing the Papias the proof lead, that Papias neither the Apostel Johannes nor otherwise one the Apostel still hear have. Here a bad confusion took place thus surely, and to it the other reliable historians will be probably debt. I am afraid much that itself under this also Prochorus, the alleged author of the romantic [<πϘαζεις> του αγιου αποστολου <και> ευαγγελιοτου 'Ιωαννου του <θεολογου>]* (OD. Tooth, Acta Ioannis, P. 3 FF.), hides. Because we find here the following history (P. 152 FF.). When Johannes from Patmos to Ephesos wants to return, the believers ask him instaändig, he may to them the miracles and words of the gentleman in writing note ([some Greek phrase or sentence]** etc.). Johannes refuses only, then he goes with Prochorus into the isolation on a small mountain. Heir chamfered it three days in the prayer and invoke the gentleman, it may to the brothers good gospels give. On the third day it sends Prochorus into the city, in order to get ink and paper. After Prochorus this gethan, it two days sent back. How it returns, it finds Johannes standing and praying. It must take now paper and ink and to rights the Johannes' step. It takes place a terrible thunder and lightning that Prochorus falls as dead to ground. Johannes arranges it, is called it sits down, prays again and requests Prochorus to write down what he hears of it. Then it begins standing and to the sky looking: In the beginning the word was etc. and dictates the whole standing in a course. -- It can be subject probably hardly to a doubt that this history is transferred to Papias by Prochorus. Latin and Greek message however will finally run back on the same place. I would like to make attentive still on a small course in latin message, which for the confirmation can serve. Here stands the automatic data processing erbium recte in such a way that it is not completely clear, whether it is with dictante or with descripsit to be connected. The Stullung speaks for the first acceptance, and this will be the correct, if ' recte; aufrecht' is understood, how it puts the narration with Prochorus close, where is twice emphasized that Johannes dikiert standing (144, 9 and 16 [some Greek phrase or sentence]**).

*- accents and other marks omitted
**- Some of the Greek here I have declined to represent, since it takes a considerable amount of time to do so.
***- I have no idea what this word is, or whether or not I have represented it correctly in German.
(source)

So it appears that my suspicion was correct, and that Badham was indeed suggesting that the remark concerning Papias writing down the fourth Gospel was a conflation of the tradition that Papias knew John "the presbyter/elder" and the completely unrelated tradition that Prochorus wrote down John's Gospel. I'm not sure why he finds this hypothesis so very convincing, however, nor am I yet clear on what exactly is the document called the Acts of John of Pseudo-Prochorus.
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Old 06-03-2009, 06:33 PM   #6
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So it appears that my suspicion was correct, and that Badham was indeed suggesting that the remark concerning Papias writing down the fourth Gospel was a conflation of the tradition that Papias knew John "the presbyter/elder" and the completely unrelated tradition that Prochorus wrote down John's Gospel. I'm not sure why he finds this hypothesis so very convincing, however, nor am I yet clear on what exactly is the document called the Acts of John of Pseudo-Prochorus.
According to Elliott Apocryphal New Testament (or via: amazon.co.uk) The Acts of John attributed to Prochorus is a work c 500 CE mainly concerned with miracles performed by John in Patmos.

There are around 150 manuscripts of this work. In many of these manuscripts passages from the much older (c 200 CE) Acts of John have been added.

I am not aware of an English translation.

Andrew Criddle
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Old 06-04-2009, 02:04 AM   #7
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Thanks for the responses, guys!

The following is a Yahoo! Babel Fish translation of what I believe is the relevant paragraph from Peter Corssen's Monarchianische Prologe zu den vier Evangelien (pp115-117):
Can you give us the untranslated text?

Thanks,

Roger Pearse
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Old 06-04-2009, 01:56 PM   #8
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Quote:
Originally Posted by hatsoff View Post
Thanks for the responses, guys!

The following is a Yahoo! Babel Fish translation of what I believe is the relevant paragraph from Peter Corssen's Monarchianische Prologe zu den vier Evangelien (pp115-117):
Can you give us the untranslated text?

Thanks,

Roger Pearse
Sure. You can find the whole thing in the link I provided in my last post:

source

Alternatively, you can use my hand-typed transcription of the paragraph in question:
In dieser Notiz ist der Titel bemerkenswert, der dem Werk des Papias gegben wird. Irenaeus spricht nur von den [Greek] des Papias (V.33,4), ohne einen besonderen Titel zu nennen. Eusebius fügt diesen, wo er die Stelle des Irenaeus citiert, hinzu (H.E.III. 39,1) [Greek], und so wird das Buch such später citiert (s. Harnack, Litteraturgesch. I. 67 ff.). Nun sieht aber der Titel [Greek] nicht nach Erfindung aus und erhält eine starke Stütze durch die beigefügte Erklärung, in der extremis augenscheinlich aus externis oder extrancis verschrieben ist. Als Nebentitel aber würde er sich wohl nicht übel für das Werk des Papias schicken. Denn nach Papias' eigenen Andeutungen und nach den Resten, die wir von seinen Schriften haben, müssen wir annehmen, dass er vorzugsweise sammelte was in den [Greek] nicht verneichnet war. So wäre es denkbar, dass er schon in dem Titel hätte andeuten wollen, dass seine Sammlung mündlicher Zeugnisse als eine Art Ergänzung zu der schriftlichen Überlieferung, die er ja sehr wohl kannte, nur dass er nicht sonderlich hoch von ihr dachte, treten sollte. Aber durch die Wahrscheinlichkeit des Titels wird die Nachricht selbst nicht wahrscheinlicher. Schon die damit verbundene Angabe, dass Marcion von Johannes aus der Kirche (so [mues] man doch wohl verstehen) ausgestossen sei, die doch offenbar nach der Meinung des Referenten auch auf Papias zurückgeht, discreditier sie. Denn es ist schwer zu glauben, dass Papias etwas derartiges berichtet haben sollte, da Irenaeus eine ganz ähnliche Rolle, wie sie hier Johannes zugeteilt ist, Polykarp gegenüber Marcion spielen lässt (III. 3,4). Indessen findet die Behauptung, dass Johannes Papias sein Evangelium diktiert, eine scheinbare Bestätigung dadurch, dass sie unabhängig von dem lateinischen Gewährsmann noch an einem andern Orte auftritt. In einer von Corderius herausgegebenen Catenegriechischer Väter (vgl. Harnack a.a.O.) heisst es: [Greek in question] Hier tritt nun aber der bemerkenswerte Unterschied hervor, dass die Behauptung nicht auf Papias selbst, sondern u.a. auf Irenaeus und Eusebius zurückgeführt wird. Was diese von Papias berichteten, können wir ja nun glücklicherweise kontrollieren. Es ist aber nicht nur von Wichtigkeit, dass diese nichts derartiges von Papias berichtet haben, sondern dass auch keiner von beiden ihn einen Schüler des Johannes nennt, sondern der eine einen Hörer, der andere aber, Eusebius, wo er dies berichtet (H.E.III. 39, 1.2), diese Angabe korrigiert, indem er aus der Schrift des Papias selbst den Nachweis führt, dass Papias weder den Apostel Johannes noch sonst einen der Apostel selbst noch gehört habe. Hier hat also sicher eine arge Konfusion stattgefunden, und daran werden wohl die andern glaubwürdigen Historiker schuld sein. Ich fürchte sehr, dass sich unter diesen auch Prochorus, der angebliche Verfasser der romantischen [Greek] (ed. Zahn, Acta Ioannis, S. 3 ff.), versteckt. Denn hier finden wir folgende Geschichte (S. 152 ff.). Als Johannes von Patmos nach Ephesos zurückkehren will, bitten ihn die Gläubigen instaändig, er möge ihnen die Wunder und Worte des Herrn schriftlich aufzeichnen ([Greek] u.s.w.). Johannes weigert sich erst, dann geht er mit Prochorus in die Einsamkeit auf einen kleinen Berg. Heir fastet er drei Tage im Gebet und fleht den Herrn an, er möge den Brüdern gute Evangelien geben. Am dritten Tage schickt er Prochorus in die Stadt, um Tinte und Papier zu holen. Nachdem Prochorus dies gethan, wird er wieder auf zwei Tage zurückgeschickt. Wie er zurückkommt, findet er Johannes stehend und betend. Er muss nun Papier und Tinte nehmen und zur Rechten Johannes' treten. Es erfolgt ein furchtbarer Donner und Blitz, dass Prochorus wie tot zu Boden fällt. Johannes richtet ihn wieder auf, heisst ihn sich setzen, betet nochmals und fordert Prochorus auf, niederzuschreiben, was er von ihm hört. Dann beginnt er stehend und zum Himmel blickend: Im Anfang war das Wort u.s.w. und diktiert das Ganze in einem Zuge stehend. -- Es kann wohl kaum einem Zweifel unterliegen, dass diese Geschichte von Prochorus auf Papias übertragen ist. Die lateinische und griechische Nachricht aber werden schliesslich auf denselben Ort zurücklaufen. Ich möchte noch auf einen kleinen Zug in der lateinischen Nachricht aufmerksam machen, der zur Bestätigung dienen kann. Hier steht das Adverbium recte so, dass es nicht ganz klar ist, ob es mit dictante oder mit descripsit zu verbinden ist. Die Stullung spricht für die erste Annahme, und diese wird die richtige sein, wenn recte 'aufrecht' verstanden wird, wie es die Erzählung bei Prochorus nahe legt, wo zweimal hervorgehoben wird, dass Johannes stehend dikiert (144, 9 und 16 [Greek]).
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