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Old 03-01-2012, 10:24 PM   #1
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Default The Coptic Homily on St Mark Was Composed 830 CE

The account seems to have been written after a vision of St Mark appeared to an individual during the contentious reign of St Simon II:

Mark II (799–819)
Jacob (819–830)
Simeon II (830)
Joseph I (831–849)
Michael II (849–851)
Cosmas II (851–858)

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Cette conduite de la Providence se vérifia également à l'égard des habitants de la province d'Égypte, car, si dès le principe ils ne se convertirent pas à la foi en l'entendant prêcher au milieu d'eux, c'est parce que l'Esprit-Saint ne permit pas alors qu'ils se soumissent à la prédication des autres disciples, avant que saint Marc, qui était originaire de ce pays, ne l'eût reçu comme un lot héréditaire et comme une terre réservée à sa mission. Avant lui, il est vrai, l'apôtre saint Paul avait paru dans Alexandrie , où il avait prêché la foi nouvelle, mais personne n'avait consenti à l'embrasser; au contraire, les infidèles l'ayant attaché à une colonne se mirent à le maltraiter, jusqu'au moment où, par la volonté de Dieu (soit-il loué!), la colonne, s'entr ouvrant , reçut dans sa masse le corps du saint Apôtre, en sorte qu'il disparut à leurs yeux et qu'on ne le vit plus. Il en fut de même de saint Pierre, le prince des disciples de Notre-Seigneur Jésus-Christ, car, étant venu dans la ville d'Alexandrie pour y prêcher, il ne convertit personne, si ce n'est le fils de Festus, qui, plus tard, périt dans la mer (1) : nous voulons parler de Clément, disciple du même saint Pierre.

Malgré tout ce qui vient d'être établi, peut-être se trouvera-t-il au milieu de vous quelqu'un de ces hommes qui aiment à contredire, lequel me dira : «Où avez- vous puisé la connaiësance d'un si profond mystère ? car il ne se trouve nulle part indiqué dans la sainte Écriture ; il n*a été connu ni de saint Luc, le médecin, qui raconte les actes des Apôtres, ni de rhistorien Josèphe, ni de Philon, écrivains juifs qui ont mis au jour les actions de notre Sauveur, ni même de saint Clément , disciple de saint Pierre. Tous ces auteurs ont consulté avec soin les écrits de nos saints pères les Apôtres pour tracer leur vie ; ils ont parlé de la conduite de la mère de saint Marc, comme quoi les disciples cherchaient un asile auprès d'elle, comme quoi elle fournissait à leurs dépenses ; mais, quant au père du saint Évangéliste , ils n'en disent pas un seul mot. » Je vais donc maintenant , cher auditeur, répondre à cela et te renseigner, afin que je dissipe le doute qui est dans ton esprit. Ne sois point incrédule, de peur que tu ne voies s'accomplir contre toi ces paroles de l'Écriture : « Quiconque a des doutes sur la sincérité de fun de ces petits qui croient en moi, il serait plus avantageux pour lui qu'on lui attachée au cou une meule de moulin et qu'on le précipitât ainsi au fond de la mer (1). » toi qui m'interroges, prête-moi donc l'oreille, afin que je soulage ton cœur. Lorsque notre saint père anba Jacob, patriarche d'Alexandrie, fut décédé et qu'il fut allé se reposer dans le Seigneur, les évêques d'Egypte s'assemblèrent dans cette ville, afin de procéder à la nomination et à la proclamation de sa Béatitude anba Siméon à la place de feu anba Jacob, et moi. Sévère, indigne pontife, je me trouvai avec eux. Or, la nuit qui précédait le saint dimanche, pendant que j'étais à dormir dans la chambre patriarcale, à Alexandrie, j'eus le songe suivant. Il me sembla que j*étais près d'une église fort haute , très-grande , d'une magnificence extraordinaire, et qui était bâtie sur le plateau d'une haute montagne. Elle était éclairée intérieurement par quantité de lampes resplendissantes. Pendant que je cherchais une ouverture pour y entrer, voilà que je vins à découvrir une petite fenêtre pratiquée sur l'un des côtés de l'édifice. M'étant approché, j'ouvre la fenêtre et plongeant mon regard dans l'intérieur de l'église ; j'y aperçois un homme tout éclatant de lumière, et assis sur un trône magnifique. Il portait sur lui le vêtement des grands prêtres, et de son visage jaillissaient des rayons de lumière d'un éclat éblouissant. Je vis aussi devant lui un lit de repos tout dressé) et sur ce lit un homme endormi qui avait l'apparence d'un martyr. Je dis à celui qui était assis sur le trône : « Qui ètes-vous, Seigneur^ vous qui siégez sur ce tr6ne, et qui êtes environné de tant de gloire?» — « Je suis Marc,» me répondit-il d'une voix haute et claire. A peine ces paroles furent-elles sorties de sa bouche, que je lui répliquai : «Lequel êtes-vous y Seigneur? Marc l'apôtre, ou Marc le second de ce nom?» A cette demande il fit cette réponse claire et nette : « Je ne suis point Marc lé second de ce nom, mais bien Marc l'évangéliste qui prêcha la foi dans la province d'Egypte. » Je m'enhardis à lui adresser encore cette question : « Quel est donc ce personnage qui repose sur ce lit ? — C'est, me dit-il, le martyr saint Démétrius. » — « Seigneur, ajoutai-je , puisqu'il est vrai que vous êtes saint Marc l'apôtre, faites-moi savoir, je vous prie, pour quelle raison l'Écriture qui parle de votre sainte mère, ne fait nullement mention de votre père ? A quelle nation appartenait-il ? Était-il Israélite ou Gentil ?» — « Tu me demandes, me répondit-il, l'explication d'un grand secret, et que, chose fort étonnante , jamais personne, avant toi, n'a cherché à découvrir. Si c'est là donc ton désir si cette particularité t'intéresse, tu n'as qu'à m'entendre ; je vais te la révéler et soulager ainsi ton cœur.»

Cela dit, il ouvrit la bouche et me raconta ce que j'ai ensuite consigné mot à mot dans ce livrei Puis il ajouta : « Tout ce que tu viens :d'apprendre, mets-le par écrit et dépose ton livre dans l'église pour l'édification de tous ceux qui voudront le lire. »

Le saint apôtre me fit ainsi connaître les noms de ses ancêtres, l'histoire de son aïeul Agathon, qui était de la ville d'Oschmounaïn, celle de Jean, son père, et de Hannah, sa mëre, avec toutes les particularités que je viens de décrire, afin que tout cela fût ensuite porté à votre connaissance, et que vous fussiez bien convaincus que je n'ai rien inventé, mais que tout ce que j'ai écrit touchant la personne de saint Marc, je le tiens de la bouche même du saint Évangéliste.

This conduct of Providence is also checked against the inhabitants of the province of Egypt, as if from the beginning they did not convert to the faith by hearing preaching in their midst, it is because that the Holy Spirit did not permit then they should submit to the preaching of the other disciples, before St. Mark, who was originally from this country, had not received a lot as a hereditary and reserved land to its mission. Before him, it is true, the Apostle Paul had appeared in Alexandria, where he had preached the new faith, but no one had consented to embrace the contrary, the infidels have attached to the column began to mistreat him, until, by the will of God (be He praised!), column, entry is open, received him into her body mass of the holy Apostle, so he vanished from their eyes and we saw him no more. It was the same of St. Peter, Prince of the disciples of our Lord Jesus Christ, because, having arrived in the city of Alexandria to preach, it does not convert anyone, except the son of Festus, who later perished in the sea (1): we speak of Clement, a disciple of that St. Peter.

Despite all that has been established, may be found there among you one of those men who like to contradict, which tells me: "Where did you get the connaiësance of so profound mystery? because there is nowhere mentioned in Scripture, he was known n * or St. Luke, the doctor, who tells the acts of the Apostles, or rhistorien Josephus nor Philo, Jewish writers have uncovered the actions of our Saviour, nor of St. Clement, a disciple of St. Peter. All these authors have carefully consulted the writings of our holy fathers the Apostles to trace their lives they talked about the conduct of the mother of Mark, as what the disciples were seeking asylum with her, as to what it provided spending, but as the father of the holy Evangelist, they do not say a word. "I will now, dear listener, and you respond to that information, so that I dispel the doubt that is in your mind. Be not unbelieving, lest you not against you ways to accomplish these words of Scripture: "Whoever has doubts about the sincerity of fun these little ones which believe in me, it would be better for him that attached to his neck a millstone and that the precipitate and the bottom of the sea (1). "You who ask me, lend me your ear, so I relieved your heart. When our Holy Father anba Jacob, patriarch of Alexandria, was deceased and he was gone to rest in the Lord, the bishops of Egypt gathered in this city, to make the appointment and the proclamation of his anba Simeon bliss instead of fire anba Jacob, and me. Severus unworthy pontiff, I found myself with them. But the night before the holy Sunday while I was sleeping in the room patriarchal, in Alexandria, I had the following dream. It seemed to me that I * was near a church very high, very high, of extraordinary magnificence, and was built on a high mountain plateau. It was lit from within by number of lamps shining. While I was looking for an opening to get in, behold, I came to discover a small window on one side of the building. Having approached me, I open the window and plunging my eye in the interior of the church, I saw a man, resplendent with light, and seated on a magnificent throne. He carried with him the garment of the high priests, and his face flashed light rays of a dazzling brilliance. I also saw before him a couch while erect) and on this bed a sleeping man who looked like a martyr. I told him that sat on the throne: "Who are you, Lord ^ you who sit on this tr6ne, which are surrounded by so much glory?" - "I'm Marc," he replied with a loud and clear. As soon as these words were out of his mouth, I replied: "Which one are you Lord? Mark the apostle, Marc or the second of that name? "To this request he made this clear answer:" I am not Marc the second of that name, but Mark the Evangelist who preached faith in the province of Egypt. "I am emboldened to send him again this question:" Who is this character based on that bed? - That is, he said, the martyr St. Demetrius. "-" Lord, I added, since it is true that you are the apostle St. Mark, let me know, please, why the scripture that speaks of your sainted mother, makes no mention of your father? In what nation did he belong? Was Israelite or Gentile? "-" You ask me, he replied, explaining a great secret, and that something very surprising, never anyone before you, has sought to discover. So if that is your desire this feature if you're interested, you just have to hear me, I'll reveal it, easing your heart. "

That said, he opened his mouth and told me what I then recorded verbatim in this livrei Then he added: "Whatever you come: to learn, put it in writing and filed in your book the church for the edification of all those who want the read. "

The Holy Apostle and gave me the names of his ancestors, the story of his grandfather Agathon, who was the city of Oschmounaïn, of John, his father, and Hannah, his mother, with all the features that I just described, so that all that was then brought to your attention, and you were quite convinced that I have invented nothing, but everything I have written concerning the person of St. Marc, I hold the mouth of the holy Evangelist.
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Old 03-01-2012, 10:48 PM   #2
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I just thought about another interesting fact. The stealing of the throne of St Mark (which is now in Italy) is usually placed at this very time:

Quote:
In 828 A.D. the body of St. Mark was stolen by Italian sailors and was removed from Alexandria to Venice in Italy. http://orthodoxwiki.org/Apostle_Mark
I think this clinches the time of composition if only because we know the church faced a crisis after the loss of their precious relic (= the throne). The vision - if you will note - is of Mark enthroned. The context is clearly the throne may be gone and the author deeply feels its loss but St Mark can come again in visions.

The Coptic Church at this time seems to have been forced to innovate to make up for the loss of the relic. They started claiming that even though the body and throne were translated to Italy that they still maintained the head of St Mark which was secretly kept by many of the leading Coptic families.

Dioscorus Boles has an interesting take on all of this (as he has access to all the best sources in Arabic). This would be a very important work to translate into English from the Coptic. What we are seeing here for the first time is a systematic attempt to make a definitive Mark story from all the oral traditions that must have circulated in the monasteries.
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Old 03-02-2012, 02:38 AM   #3
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My own revision of the bolded part :
Quote:
When our Holy Father anba Jacob, patriarch of Alexandria, was deceased and he was gone to rest in the Lord, the bishops of Egypt gathered in this city, to make the appointment and the proclamation of his Beatitude anba Simeon instead of the late anba Jacob, and me, Severus unworthy pontiff, I found myself with them. But the night before the holy Sunday while I was sleeping in the patriarchal room, in Alexandria, I had the following dream. It seemed to me that I was near a church very high, very high, of extraordinary magnificence, which was built on a high mountain plateau. It was lit from within by a number of lamps shining. While I was looking for an opening to get in, behold, I came to discover a small window on one side of the building. Having approached me, I opened the window and plunging my eye in the interior of the church, I saw a man, resplendent with light, and seated on a magnificent throne. He carried with him the garment of the high priests, and his face flashed light rays of a dazzling brilliance. I also saw before him a couch and on this bed a sleeping man who looked like a martyr. I told him that sat on the throne: "Who are you, Lord, you who sit on this throne, and who are surrounded by so much glory?" - "I'm Mark," he replied with a loud and clear voice. As soon as these words were out of his mouth, I replied: "Which one are you Lord? Mark the apostle, or Mark the second of that name? "To this request he made this clear answer:" I am not Mark the second of that name, but indeed Mark the Evangelist who preached faith in the province of Egypt.
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