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Old 12-03-2003, 03:30 PM   #51
Bede
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Vork,

I have answered your points ages ago and get rather bored of doing so over and over again.

On the church impeding science, I said in the last thread:

Quote:
Note I am not saying there was never a conflict between science and religion/church/christianity although it is often stated that I am saying this. What I am saying is that, as a theory of history, the conflict hypothesis is utter rubbish. As you know, many of the so called conflicts turn out to be very different from the cariacature. But there were occasions when the church ended up opposing science - not because it was anti-science but because of a wide variety of particular conditions.
I am not willing to type all this out the whole time but as you posted on that thread, I assume you had read it. The conflict hypothesis is dead. Period. There were isolated cases where the church and science argued but in general the church did not impede science.

On China, here's what Needham said about the lack of the realivant metaphysical system that Christianity provided in Europe:

Quote:
The conception of a divine celestial law giver imposing ordinances on non-human nature never developed. It was not that there was no order in nature for the Chinese, but rather that it was not an order odained by a rational personal being, and hence that there was no conviction that rational personal beings would be able to spell out in their lesser earthly languages the divine code of laws that he had decreed aforetime. The Taoists, indeed, would have scorned such an idea as being too niave for the subtly and complexity of the universe as they intuited it.(Science and Civ in China I page 581)
Needham is on my side, Vork.

Your point about Newton wasting his brilliance is completely anachronistic. Has it not occured to you that, in his own time, only because Newton was the kind of guy who wrote so much on theology was he the kind of guy who could produce such great science. That is my point. Without Christianity (or another religion doing the same job) you wouldn't have science and so you wouldn't be moaning that Newton spent too much time on Christianity.

I apprecaite you can list a whole load of factors that may or may not have had an effect. That's child's play. What you have not done, and I have, is set out why a particular factor, demonstrably lacking in the other candidate civilisations, was able to produce results. You have not backed up your assertins with scholarship or with reference to the way that your factors effected particular individuals. I have done all these things. Perhaps you can do the same - it would make an interesting debate.

Yours

Bede

Bede's Library - faith and reason

PS: The h-word is outlawed now.
 
Old 12-03-2003, 06:09 PM   #52
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Quote:
Originally posted by Bede
Without Christianity (or another religion doing the same job) you wouldn't have science
Could you please point out where you have proven this?

Thanks.

Sincerely,

Goliath
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Old 12-04-2003, 10:02 PM   #53
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Bede
Hence when historians of science say science started in the 19th century they mean that it was only then all the different fields came under one heading and further more only then did science detach itself from God.

By modern science I mean this, but personally, I am happy to use the term science to cover the fields it eventually did cover, even if at the time the practitioners didn't use the word. Most historians of science date modern science from the seventeenth century and note it differed a great deal in both success and form to earlier efforts.
Okay. You realize, of course, that wrt your larger claim, you are concluding that the influence of the deity waned because of the influence of the deity.

What you are seeing at this time in human history is greater reliance on, and acceptance of, the scientific method. I don't know how you'd go about quantifying the degree to which the scientific method gained some kind of critical mass, but that's what you'd have to do for your thesis to hold water, and then relate that back to belief in the religious Jesus character.

Anyhoo, I figured I'd go back through your posts and see where you distinguished science from modern science. It's not a pretty picture, Bede. You start out not talking about modern science but about science. You say and you quote in your OP:
Quote:
Christianity and Science

...Christianity gave rise to science...

...no inherent conflict between science and religion, but that Christian theology was essential for the rise of science...

already become the conventional wisdom among historians of science.
Your second post:
Quote:
...any maths or science comparable to Western Europe's...
And later:
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...Science grew out of the work of scholastics who were intellectuals...
Finally, half way through this thread you state:
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Historians of Science (rightly) accept that modern science did not arise anywhere other than Western Europe.
Why didn't you say you were talking only about modern science right up front, as it's obvious, and as others have pointed out, that your Jesus character could not possibly have influenced some of the science that occurred earlier?

But even having said that you go on to state to Vork:
Quote:
That is my point. Without Christianity (or another religion doing the same job) you wouldn't have science and so you wouldn't be moaning that Newton spent too much time on Christianity.
Unless you chew your argument finer, I don't see it going anywhere. It's not a can of worms. You simply need to talk about science or modern science or the scientific method, and do it right up front.

I have Stark's book coming BTW. I will be interested to see whether he explains himself on this point, and also whether he connects it all back to a Jesus.
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Old 12-04-2003, 11:11 PM   #54
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Umm... is anyone on this thread (besides Bede) going to actually read the book mentioned in the OP, and then comment on it?

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Old 12-04-2003, 11:51 PM   #55
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Hi Nomad - the book is new. Bede started this thread before he read the book, but I expect others will get copies and read it. Have you read it?
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Old 12-05-2003, 03:20 AM   #56
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joedad,

I have explained what I mean by science before on these boards. I have also been consistant in explaining that Greeks etc did not have science. Sorry if this can be confusing but I do get fed up with repeating myself. However, Stark does cover this point in detail in his book.

Yours

Bede

Bede's Library - faith and reason
 
Old 12-05-2003, 06:40 AM   #57
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The arguments in favor of Xian fostering of science have problems.

First, there's the "no true scotsman" error. It can be found by attributing some action to "true Xian scholars". Hence, if you held to dogma or persecuted someone for a scientific belief, you either weren't a true Xian or weren't a true scholar.

Second, moving the goal posts. It can be found in saying "science" isn't science until we say its science. Thus, Archimedes cannot be considered a scientist, despite his tremendous strides in mathematics, technology, and etc. because we say its not science.

Finally, those supporting the thesis loose the entire argument when they say:

"Christianity (or another religion doing the same job)"

That really wraps up this thread then, doesn't it. It basically turns the argument into "Any belief system that is endemic to western Europe encouraged the growth of science." No one has ever demonstrated a series of unique arguments that Xianity, as opposed to another belief system, was the catalyst. How monotheism, as opposed to polytheism, made a difference is surely impossible to prove.

How fixity of natural laws (setting aside intercessory prayer, of course) sprange from Xianity within, rather than being imposed upon Xianity from without, has not be satisfactorially proven.

Finally, I welcome anyone's suggestion on a good biography of Roger Bacon. I've only read around the edges for Rog. I am curious about the papacy's rejection of his requests to repair calendrical errors for 318 years, the bases for his imprisonment for apparently encouraging scientific inquiry, and etc.

Thanks
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Old 12-05-2003, 07:07 AM   #58
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Bede
I have explained what I mean by science before on these boards.
Where? Just one place will suffice. I honestly can't recall your ever having made the distinction before.
Quote:
I have also been consistant in explaining that Greeks etc did not have science.
Where? I would be very interested to hear this explanation. This is central to my last post, and would have made it unnecessary possibly.
Quote:
Sorry if this can be confusing but I do get fed up with repeating myself.
Well, wherever it is I want to read it, even if it's at your link. The only reason for my post is because I can't recall your having done this before. Maybe Toto or someone else has the info.
Quote:
However, Stark does cover this point in detail in his book.
Decent. I'll be looking for this when the book eventually comes in. Meanwhile, how about a link?
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Old 12-05-2003, 07:56 AM   #59
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Quote:
Originally posted by Toto
Hi Nomad - the book is new. Bede started this thread before he read the book, but I expect others will get copies and read it. Have you read it?
I'm afraid that science is not even close to my strong suit, so in the past I have tended to avoid books like this. That said, I have ordered one called Modern Physics and Ancient Faith by Stephen Barr, and I am looking forward to reading it.

My question on the thread had been prompted by an apparent unwillingness of the members to agree that they would actually read the book that was the subject of Bede's OP, and that puzzled me. We all begin with our prejudices, of course, but one learns by examining the arguments of those who may well have a different view, and has the evidence to support some of their claims. At that point we can then decide if the evidence and arguments are persuasive enough to have us change our minds, or if they contain flaws that make them unconvincing. A refusal to even consider the arguments, however, appears close minded, and that is troubling.

Peace,

Nomad
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Old 12-05-2003, 08:21 AM   #60
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First, there's the "no true scotsman" error. It can be found by attributing some action to "true Xian scholars". Hence, if you held to dogma or persecuted someone for a scientific belief, you either weren't a true Xian or weren't a true scholar.
I never said this. I am fully aware that Christians disagree and take different things from their faith. Slavery/anti-slavery is a case in point. I have not made the no true Scotsman error because I have never said "Ah, but they weren't real Christians." It is Ipetrich who has been saying this but from the other direction.

Quote:
Second, moving the goal posts. It can be found in saying "science" isn't science until we say its science. Thus, Archimedes cannot be considered a scientist, despite his tremendous strides in mathematics, technology, and etc. because we say its not science.
As I have said before, it is universally accepted by historians of science that the discipline we cal science did not exist in ancient Greece, Islam or even the Middle Ages. That is why we all talk about the scientific revolution which is when modern science was supposedly born.

Quote:
Finally, those supporting the thesis loose the entire argument when they say:

"Christianity (or another religion doing the same job)"

That really wraps up this thread then, doesn't it. It basically turns the argument into "Any belief system that is endemic to western Europe encouraged the growth of science."
This is not what I said. I said that any belief system that had the special characteristics that Christianity had could have done the same job.

Quote:
No one has ever demonstrated a series of unique arguments that Xianity, as opposed to another belief system, was the catalyst. How monotheism, as opposed to polytheism, made a difference is surely impossible to prove.
From the last thread:

Quote:
Before that success (measured best by when natural theology started to try and use it as an argument for God in the eighteenth century), there was no reason to follow a road that led that way. And most did not. Instead, some had a metaphysical background that took the place of the success and science and meant it made sense.

The elements of this background were are follows:

The world was the creation of an omnimax God who was known to be lawful.

This was essential because it gave men a reason to expect certain things in the world even if they were not apparent. One was order and another was elegance. The world was not the creation of Hume's amateur god having a first crack at it or a pre-existant thing that ran according to no particular rules. Because they knew this, Cop and Keplar knew that the world system was more elegant than the one they had inherited. They knew it absolutely and devoted decades of their lives to finding it. When Kepler found his first plan didn't work he rejected it because his God simply would not have cut the corners necessary. And the system had to be elegent and worthy of its creator. Not for Kepler (and Copernicus in his dreams) the endless ad hoc equants and epuicycles that Ptolomy was happy to use just to get the numbers right.

The world ran by secondary causes

This was Christian doctrine that Islam lacked. Christians said that God had ordained the laws of nature and he would stick by them (excepting miracles but Kuhn's analysis of normal science has explained why a few anomalies need not be a problem). These laws were secondary as opposed to the primary cause of God himself. In Islam God's work was more direct - he refashioned the world each instant according to his will. This is called occasionalism and became more accepted as the Islam civilisation of the Caliph's reeled under the hammer blows of pagan Mongols, Christian Iberians and Islamic, but nomadic Turks. Unless God is acting through secondary causes everything is just God's will - you can't predict events without putting him to the test.

The world was matter

Here the neo-Platonists largely came unstuck. While Christians populated the work with spirits and demons, they were not running the show. Furthermore, good Christians could not get involved with them. But to neo-Platonists and their renaissance successors like Bruno the world was an organic whole which could not be explained piecemeal. This made their 'science' mind numbingly complicated as to understand anything you had to understand everything. The huge tombs of symbols, glyphs and calculations by Bruno and Agrippa got them nowhere, just as Plotinus's organic world could give no help to those trying to actually predict anything. But most Christians saw the world as matter and not an organic whole. Hence, they could take pieces of it out of context without fearing that mystical links with the rest of the universe would render their discoveries void.

God is free

Apart from a logical contradiction, God could do anything. His creation was his and hence how he had done it was not something that could be determined in advance. Aristotle got this wrong and was soundly condemned in 1277 for it. He said the uncreated world had to follow the rational laws he set out. As there was no mind behind it there was no room for creativity. Christians, like Roger Bacon, Grosseteste, Boyle and Bacon said no. To understand the world you must examine it. Aristotle did a lot of observation but it was to categorise rather than test.

God has purposes

The world is teleological. When you see something you know there is a reason behind it. Aristotle got this bit right, up to a point. The blind chaos of the stoics, the scepticism of Al-Ghazadi and Hume have no place here. There are reasons for everything (which evolution has nicely explained for biology but before that it was because God created bodies that people believed all the bits had a reason). Because God created the world and saw that it was good, the world mattered - it was important. It wasn't just reorganised chaos (or nothing as Peter Atkins says) but a holy artifact that orthodox Christians, unlike Gnostics, had to engage with.

The world is mathematical

The neo-platonist were right here but in a way that made the maths far too hard. When Kepler put Robert Fludd in his place he explained the difference between a world that can be described by maths and one where number has deep mystical significance. Alas, the neo-Platonists never figured this out.

Time is linear

Much of the orient never accepted the idea that the world has a beginning and is moving forward through time once and for all. For Christians the converse first manifested itself in the idea of history being a movement between different eras. Familyman identified the humanists and we see this firstly with Petrarch in the West. This gave rise to the idea that progress was possible and provided, most famously to Francis Bacon and thence the Royal Society a further motivation for studying nature.

By no means am I claiming that all these assumptions are unique to Christianity. Chances are that none of them are and Judaism probably has all of them. I expect if Judaism was an evangelising religion and had converted Rome then science would have come along roughly when it did. But a metaphysical system, that really only a religion could provide, was a necessary cause of science. It didn't have to be Christianity. But it was.
Given you posted on that thread I thought you might have read this.

Quote:
Finally, I welcome anyone's suggestion on a good biography of Roger Bacon. I've only read around the edges for Rog. I am curious about the papacy's rejection of his requests to repair calendrical errors for 318 years, the bases for his imprisonment for apparently encouraging scientific inquiry, and etc.
More disappointment, I'm afraid. This is yet another myth. There is no evidence he was imprisoned for apparently encouraging scientific enquiry and precious little evidence he was imprisoned at all. Try the introduction to David Lindberg Roger Bacon and the Origins of "Perspectiva" in the Middle Ages.

Yours

Bede

Bede's Library - faith and reason

PS: joedad, hard to find much with the search engine sulking. Try the OP to this thread: http://www.iidb.org/vbb/showthread.p...threadid=67077
 
 

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