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Old 03-08-2012, 10:00 AM   #1
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Default Hints of Adelphopoiesis in the Writings of Clement of Alexandria

I am no longer going to try and explain these threads as they inevitably get sullied with idiotic debates that having nothing to do with the original topic. For those who have ears (otherwise the rest of you can do a Google search for the term adelphopoiesis and try to figure out on your own why I am interested in connecting it with Clement). For the handful who might actually give flying fadoo, you can read the latest entry at my blog). My suspicion is that the original terminology was 'good-making' (καλὸν ποιοῦντες i.e. a final creation after the likeness of Jesus):

Quote:
But there is that species of knowledge which is characteristic of the herald, and that which is, as it were, characteristic of a messenger, and it is serviceable in whatever way it operates, both by the hand and tongue. "For he that soweth to the Spirit, shall of the Spirit reap life everlasting. And let us not be weary in good-making (τὸ δὲ καλὸν ποιοῦντες or 'well doing')." On him who by Divine Providence meets in with it, it confers the very highest advantages, -- the beginning of faith, readiness for adopting a right mode of life, the impulse towards the truth, a movement of inquiry, a trace of knowledge; in a word, it gives the means of salvation. And those who have been rightly trained in the words of truth (τῆς ἀληθείας λόγοις), and sustained for eternal life, wing their way to heaven.
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For, in a word, exercise produces a healthy condition both in souls and bodies (συνελόντι γὰρ φάνα ἡ συγγυμνασία ἕξιν ἐμποιεῖ ὑγιεινὴν καὶ πνεύμασι καὶ σώμασιν). "No one lighteth a candle, and putteth it under a bushel, but upon a candlestick, that it may give light to those who are regarded worthy of the feast." For what is the use of wisdom, if it makes not him who can hear it wise? For still the Saviour saves, "and always works, as He sees the Father." For by teaching, one learns more; and in speaking, one is often a hearer along with his audience. For the teacher of him who speaks and of him who hears is one -- who waters both the mind and the word. Thus the Lord did not hinder from doing good while keeping the Sabbath; but allowed us to communicate of those divine mysteries, and of that holy light, to those who are able to receive them. He did not certainly disclose to the many what did not belong to the many; but to the few to whom He knew that they belonged, who were capable of receiving and being moulded according to them. But secret things are entrusted to speech, not to writing, as is the case with God. [Strom 1.1]
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For nutriment, and the training which is maintained gentle (χρηστὴ), make noble natures (φύσεις ἀγαθὰς ποιεῖ); and noble natures, when they have received such training (καὶ αἱ φύσεις αἱ χρησταὶ τοιαύτης παιδείας), become still better than before both in other respects, but especially in productiveness, as is the case with the other creatures. [Strom 1.6]
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And now we must look also at this, that if ever those who know not how to do well, live well (ὡς εἴ ποτε οἱ μὴ ἐπιστάμενοι διαβιοῦσι καλῶς εὖ ποιεῖν); for they have fallen in with well-doing (εὐποιίᾳ γὰρ περιπεπτώκασιν). Some, too, have aimed well at the word of truth through understanding (διὰ συνέσεως εἰς τὸν περὶ ἀληθείας λόγον). "But Abraham was not justified by works, but by faith." It is therefore of no advantage to them after the end of life, even if they do good works now, if they have not faith. Wherefore also the Scriptures were translated into the language of the Greeks, in order that they might never be able to allege the excuse of ignorance, inasmuch as they are able to hear also what we have in our hands, if they only wish. One speaks in one way of the truth, in another way the truth interprets itself. The guessing at truth is one thing, and truth itself is another. Resemblance is one thing, the thing itself is another. And the one results from learning and practice, the other from power and faith. For the teaching of piety is a gift, but faith is grace. "For by doing the will of God we know the will of God. (ποιοῦντες γὰρ τὸ θέλημα τοῦ θεοῦ τὸ θέλημα γινώσκομεν)" "Open, then," says the Scripture, "the gates of righteousness; and I will enter in, and confess to the Lord."[ibid 1.7]
We're closing in on the finish line. There are over a hundred references to this Greek verb 'to make' in the Stromata alone. If I find even a few which are related to the term brother and in the context of making brothers I think it is game over.
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Old 03-08-2012, 12:47 PM   #2
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Going through the Stromata some more:

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For the prophets and disciples of the Spirit knew infallibly their mind. For they knew it by faith, in a way which others could not easily, as the Spirit has said. But it is not possible for those who have not learned to receive it thus. "Write," it is said, "the commandments doubly, in counsel and knowledge, that thou mayest answer the words of truth to them who send unto thee." What, then, is the knowledge of answering? or what that of asking? It is dialectics. What then? Is not speaking our work, and does not making proceed from the Word (οὐχὶ καὶ τὸ λέγειν ἔργον ἐστὶ καὶ τὸ ποιεῖν ἐκ τοῦ λόγου γίνεται)? For if we act not for the Word, we shall make against the Word (εἰ γὰρ μὴ λόγῳ πράττοιμεν, ἀλόγως ποιοῖμεν ἄν). But a rational work is accomplished through God. "And nothing," it is said, "was made without Him" -- the Word of God. And did not the Lord make all things by the Word? Even the beasts work, driven by compelling fear. And do not those who are called orthodox apply themselves to good works, knowing not what they make (ποιοῦσι)?

Wherefore the Saviour, taking the bread, first spake and blessed. Then breaking the bread, He presented it, that we might eat it, according to reason, and that knowing the Scriptures we might walk obediently. And as those whose speech is evil are no better than those whose practice is evil - for calumny is the servant of the sword, and evil-speaking inflicts pain; and from these proceed disasters in life, such being what is made from evil speech (ἐμποιεῖ βλασφημία); so also those who are given to good speech are near neighbours to those who accomplish good deeds. Accordingly discourse refreshes the soul and entices it to nobleness; and happy is he who has the use of both his hands. Neither, therefore, is he who can act well to be vilified by him who is able to good-speaking; nor is he who is able to speak well to be disparaged by him who is capable of good-making (τοῦ εὖ ποιεῖν ἐπιτηδείου) . But let each do that for which he is naturally fitted.

What the one exhibits as actually done, the other speaks, preparing, as it were, the way for good-making (τῇ εὐποιίᾳ τὴν ὁδὸν), and leading the hearers to the good-deed (τὴν εὐεργεσίαν ἄγων τοὺς ἀκούοντα). For there is a saving word, as there is a saving work (ἔστι γὰρ καὶ σωτήριος λόγος ὡς καὶ ἔργον σωτήριον). Righteousness, accordingly, is not constituted without discourse. And as the receiving of good is taken away (ὡς δὲ τὸ εὖ πάσχειν περιαιρεῖτα) if we set aside good-making (ἐὰν τὸ εὖ ποιεῖν ἀφέλωμεν) [ibid 1.9, 10]
Notice the use of πάσχειν. There is something deeper going on here than just references to being 'nice' to people.
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Old 03-08-2012, 01:38 PM   #3
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The apostle designates the doctrine which is according to the Lord, "the wisdom of God," in order to show that the true philosophy has been communicated by the Son. Further, he, who has a show of wisdom, has certain exhortations enjoined on him by the apostle: "That ye put on the new man, which after God is renewed in righteousness and true holiness. Wherefore, putting away lying, speak every man truth. Neither give place to the devil. Let him that stole, steal no more; but rather let him labour, working that which is good (δὲ κοπιάτω ἐργαζόμενος τὸ ἀγαθόν)" and to work (ἐργάζεσθαι) is to labour in seeking the truth; for it is accompanied with rational good-making (σὺν γὰρ τῇ λογικῇ εὐποιίᾳ), "that ye may have to give to him that has need," both of worldly wealth and of divine wisdom. For he wishes both that the word be taught, and that the money be put into the bank, accurately tested, to accumulate interest. Whence he adds, "Let no corrupt communication (λόγος σαπρὸς) proceed out of your mouth," -- that is "corrupt communication" (λόγος σαπρὸς) which proceeds out of conceit, -- "but that which is good for the use of edifying, that it may minister grace to the hearers." And the word (τὸν λόγον) of the good God (θεοῦ ἀγαθὸν) must needs be good. And how is it possible that he who saves shall not be good? [Strom 1.18]
Is the start of the Letter to Theodore a reference to this line? - "Let no corrupt communication proceed out of your mouth," λόγος σαπρὸς ἐκ τοῦ στόματος ὑμῶν μὴ ἐκπορευέσθω
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Old 03-08-2012, 01:59 PM   #4
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My suspicions were finally confirmed in chapter 19 of Book One (and after one hour of study). Here is the earliest known reference to the adelphopoiesis rite:

Quote:
The divine apostle writes accordingly respecting us: "For now we see as through a glass;" knowing ourselves in it by reflection, and simultaneously contemplating, as we can, the cause of active manufacture/power (τὸ ποιητικὸν αἴτιον), from that, which, in us, is divine. For it is said, "Having seen thy brother, thou hast seen thy God (τὸν ἀδελφόν σου, εἶδες τὸν θεόν)" methinks that now the Saviour God is declared to us. But after the laying aside of the flesh, "person to person" (πρόσωπον πρὸς πρόσωπον) -- then definitely and comprehensively, when the heart becomes pure. And by reflection and direct vision, those among the Greeks who have philosophized accurately, see God. For such, through our weakness, are our true views, as images are seen in the water, and as we see things through pellucid and transparent bodies [Stromata 1.19]
The reference to "having seen your brother, you have seen your god" is usually taken to be a reference from Clement's lost gospel.
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Old 03-08-2012, 02:24 PM   #5
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But law is the opinion which is good (χρηστὴ δόξα), and what is good is that which is true (χρηστὴ δὲ ἡ ἀληθής), and what is true is that which finds "true being" and attains to it. "He who is" (ὁ ὢν) says Moses, "sent me." In accordance with which, namely, good opinion (τῇ χρηστῇ δόξῃ), some have called law, right reason, which enjoins what is to be done and forbids what is not to be done (προστακτικὸν μὲν ὧν ποιητέον. ἀπαγορευτικὸν δὲ ὧν οὐποιητέον.). Whence the law was rightly said to have been given by Moses, being a rule of fight and wrong (κανὼν τυγχάνων δικαίων τε καὶ ἀδίκων); and we may call it with accuracy the divine ordinance (κυρίως θεσμὸν) inasmuch as it was given by God through Moses. It accordingly conducts to the divine.[Strom 1.25, 26]
The reference to 'the being' is to Jesus. An underwhelming endorsement of the Law (possibly Marcionite).
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Old 03-08-2012, 02:30 PM   #6
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1. Yes, I fail to grasp why you are keen to link adelphopoiesis to Clement of Alexandria. The concept of a union (or marriage, or societal acknowledgement of a close relationship) between two people of the same gender (typically two males), extends beyond Alexandria, in space, and before Clement, in time.

2. yes, I fail to understand how you have discovered that Clement was the first to write about ἀδελφοποίησις. I have read, thus far in vain, the extracts which you have provided, without observing this particular word.

3.
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Originally Posted by stephan huller
There are over a hundred references to this Greek verb 'to make' in the Stromata alone. If I find even a few which are related to the term brother and in the context of making brothers I think it is game over.
Twins can only be made via penetration of haploid sperm into haploid ovum. (a) the ensuing zygote divides, and both homozygotic halves implant, independently, into the uterine myometrium, or, more typically, (heterozygotic twins) two separate ova are invaded by two separate sperm.

4. "make" could just as easily refer to creating a loyal friendship, rather than creating sarka. Two males, could fornicate forever, they would never succeed in "making" offspring.

5. I have failed the most important test: I cannot understand why this obscure practice, ἀδελφοποίησις, associated with the Eastern branch of the Orthodox faith, should be relevant to understanding the history of the Christian church--its creation, and its evolution. Do you imagine that this practice of justifying male homosexuality provides some kind of clue in explaining how Constantine created a new religion? His Greek soldiers, accustomed to male homosexuality, now have a certified acknowledgement of, and justification for, their aberrant behaviour, a conduct which would have been looked upon with less enthusiasm by other religions?

:huh:
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Old 03-08-2012, 02:37 PM   #7
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I am not interested in Constantine as he is much later than what is being described here. What you should do is buy a book or look up on line which gives you a crash course on what the Greek Orthodox Church believes about how people are saved by Jssus. I am literally about to jump into my car but the basic idea again is that Genesis 1:26 'after the image and likeness' is taken to be a two step creation process. First the creation according to the image of God (i.e. the way he looks) and then at the end of time with Jesus according to his likeness (i.e. his substance).

The mystic process of adelphopoiesis has nothing to do with homosexuality. It has to do with being made after the likeness (= Jesus)
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Old 03-08-2012, 02:55 PM   #8
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Now hope is the expectation of good things (ἐλπὶς δὲ προσδοκία ἀγαθῶν), or an expectation sanguine of absent good; and favourable circumstances are assumed in order to good hope, which we have learned leads on to love (ἣν ἐπὶ τὴν ἀγάπην χειραγωγεῖν μεμαθήκαμεν). Now love (ἀγάπη) turns out to be consent in what pertains to reason, life, and manners, or in brief, fellowship in life, or it is the intensity of friendship and of affection, with fight reason, in the enjoyment of associates. And an associate (ἑταῖρος) is another self (ἕτερος ἐγώ); just as we call those, brethren, who are regenerated by the same word (ᾗ καὶ ἀδελφοὺς τοὺς τῷ αὐτῷ λόγῳ ἀναγεννηθέντας προσαγορεύομεν).

And akin to love is hospitality (τῇ ἀγάπῃ ἥ τε φιλοξενία), hospitality being attentiveness to strangers (φιλοτεχνία τις οὖσα περὶ χρῆσιν ξένων). And those are strangers, to whom the things of the world are strange (ξένοι δὲ ὧν ξένα τὰ κοσμικά). For we regard as worldly those, who hope in the earth and carnal lusts. "Be not conformed," says the apostle, "to this world: but be ye transformed in the renewal of the mind, that ye may prove what is that good, and acceptable, and perfect, will of God."

Hospitality (φιλοξενία), therefore, is occupied in what is useful for strangers (ξένοις); and guests (ἐπίξενοι) are strangers (ξένοι); and friends (ἐπίξενοι) are guests (φίλοι); and brethren (φίλοι) are friends (ἀδελφοί). "Dear brother," says Homer.

Philanthropy (φιλανθρωπία) in order to which also, is love of one's own (φιλοστοργία), being a loving attentiveness of man (φιλικὴ χρῆσις ἀνθρώπων ὑπάρχουσα), and love of one's own (φιλοστοργία), which is a congenial habit exercised in the love of friends or domestics (φιλοτεχνία τις οὖσα περὶ στέρξιν φίλων ἢ οἰκείων), follow in the course of love (συμπαρομαρτοῦσιν ἀγάπῃ). And if the real man within us is the spiritual, philanthropy is brotherly love to those who participate, in the same spirit (φιλαδελφία ἡ φιλανθρωπία τοῖς τοῦ αὐτοῦ πνεύματος
κεκοινωνηκόσιν).

Natural affection, on the other hand, the preservation of good-will (εὐνοίας) or of affection (ἀγαπήσεως); and affection is its perfect demonstration (ἀγάπησις δὲ ἀπόδεξις παντελής); and to be beloved is to please in behaviour (καὶ τὸ ἀγαπᾶν ἀρέσκεσθαι τῷ ἤθει), by drawing (ἀγόμενόν) and attracting (ἀπαγόμενον). And persons are brought to sameness (ταὐτότητα or 'identity' 'the same condition) by being of one mind (ὁμόνοιαν), which is the knowledge of the good things that are enjoyed in common. For community of sentiment (omognwmosunh) is harmony of opinions (sumfwnia gnwmpn). "Let your love be without dissimulation," it is said; "and abhorring what is evil, let us become attached to what is good, to brotherly love," and so on, down to "If it be possible, as much as lieth in you, living peaceably with all men." Then "be not overcome of evil," it is said, "but overcome evil with good." And the same apostle owns that he bears witness to the Jews, "that they have a zeal of God, but not according to knowledge. For, being ignorant of God's righteousness, and seeking to establish their own, they have not submitted themselves to the righteousness of God." For they did not know and do the will of the law; but what they supposed, that they thought the law wished. And they did not believe the law as prophesying, but the bare word; and they followed through fear, not through disposition and faith. "For Christ is the end of the law for righteousness," who was prophesied by the law to every one that believeth

I haven't finished this but it may give you a little better idea what Clement is saying
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Old 03-08-2012, 05:01 PM   #9
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Here it is a little bit clearer while I am stuck waiting for a meeting:

Quote:
Quote:
Now hope is the expectation of good things (ἐλπὶς δὲ προσδοκία ἀγαθῶν), or an expectation sanguine of absent good; and favourable circumstances are assumed in order to good hope, which we have learned leads on to love (ἣν ἐπὶ τὴν ἀγάπην χειραγωγεῖν μεμαθήκαμεν). Now love (ἀγάπη) turns out to be consent in what pertains to reason, life, and manners, or in brief, fellowship in life, or it is the intensity of friendship and of affection, with fight reason, in the enjoyment of associates. And an associate (ἑταῖρος) is another self (ἕτερος ἐγώ); just as we call those, brethren, who are regenerated by the same word (ᾗ καὶ ἀδελφοὺς τοὺς τῷ αὐτῷ λόγῳ ἀναγεννηθέντας προσαγορεύομεν).

And akin to love is hospitality (τῇ ἀγάπῃ ἥ τε φιλοξενία), hospitality being attentiveness to strangers (φιλοτεχνία τις οὖσα περὶ χρῆσιν ξένων). And those are strangers, to whom the things of the world are strange (ξένοι δὲ ὧν ξένα τὰ κοσμικά). For we regard as worldly those, who hope in the earth and carnal lusts. "Be not conformed," says the apostle, "to this world: but be ye transformed in the renewal of the mind, that ye may prove what is that good, and acceptable, and perfect, will of God."

Hospitality (φιλοξενία), therefore, is occupied in what is useful for strangers (ξένοις); and guests (ἐπίξενοι) are strangers (ξένοι); and friends (ἐπίξενοι) are guests (φίλοι); and brethren (φίλοι) are friends (ἀδελφοί). "Dear brother," says Homer.

Philanthropy (φιλανθρωπία) in order to which also, is love of one's own (φιλοστοργία), being a loving attentiveness of man (φιλικὴ χρῆσις ἀνθρώπων ὑπάρχουσα), and love of one's own (φιλοστοργία), which is a congenial habit exercised in the love of friends or domestics (φιλοτεχνία τις οὖσα περὶ στέρξιν φίλων ἢ οἰκείων), follow in the course of love (συμπαρομαρτοῦσιν ἀγάπῃ). And if the real man within us is the spiritual, philanthropy is brotherly love to those who participate, in the same spirit (φιλαδελφία ἡ φιλανθρωπία τοῖς τοῦ αὐτοῦ πνεύματος
κεκοινωνηκόσιν).

Natural affection, on the other hand, the preservation of good-will (εὐνοίας) or of affection (ἀγαπήσεως); and affection is its perfect demonstration (ἀγάπησις δὲ ἀπόδεξις παντελής); and to be beloved is to please in behaviour (καὶ τὸ ἀγαπᾶν ἀρέσκεσθαι τῷ ἤθει), by drawing (ἀγόμενόν) and attracting (ἀπαγόμενον). And persons are brought to sameness (ταὐτότητα or 'identity' 'the same condition) by being of one mind (ὁμόνοιαν), which is the knowledge of the common good (ἐπιστήμην οὖσαν κοινῶν ἀγαθῶν). For shared sentiment (ὁμογνωμοσύνη) is harmony of knowledge (συμφωνία γνωμῶν).

"Let your love be without deception (καὶ ἡ ἀγάπη φησὶν ἀνυπόκριτος ἔστω ἡμῖν)" it is said; "and abhorring what is evil, let us become attached to what is good, to brotherly love (κολλώμενοι τῷ ἀγαθῷ τῇ φιλαδελφίᾳ)" and so on, [Strom 2.9]
This is the clearest reference yet to the principle of adelphopoiesis in Clement and clearly goes back to the mystery rite referenced in the Letter to Theodore.
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Old 03-08-2012, 09:11 PM   #10
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Here is certainly another reference to the adelphopoiesis rite and notice that the same saying from Clement's secret gospel appears - "Thou hast seen thy brother, thou hast seen thy God" - and notice that it identified as a 'mystic' statement:

Quote:
And mystically (μυστικώτερον) already the saying, "Know thyself," has been from this, "Thou hast seen thy brother, thou hast seen thy God" (εἶδες τὸν ἀδελφόν σου, εἶδες τὸν θεόν σου). Thus also, "Thou shalt love the Load thy God with all thy heart, and thy neighbour (τὸν πλησίον) as thyself;" for it is said, "On these commandments the law and the prophets hang and are suspended." With these also agree the following: "These things have I spoken to you, that My joy might be fulfilled: and this is My commandment, That ye love one another, as I have loved you." "For the Lord is merciful and pitiful; and gracious is the Lord (καὶ χρηστὸς κύριος) to all." [Strom 2.15]
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