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Old 09-19-2012, 12:50 PM   #31
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I have not found that. I specifically have in mind the idea of letters originating as monotheistic sermons or tracts that became interspersed with passages referring to the Christ even the historical Christ, which would negate the foundation of the Pauline Christ myth.
The byzantian regime redactors didn't have to reinvent the wheel. All they had to do was adopt ideas they approved up and remake them to accomodate references to the Christ.

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Hi Duvduv,

I think many scholars have supposed that most of them are composites for quite a while.

Warmly,

Jay Raskin

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Jay, and then if the epistles are merely composites (not unlike the Quran), then what?!
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Old 09-19-2012, 01:13 PM   #32
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Hi aa5874,

I do not presume that the Pauline writings are early, credible or historically accurate.

I am simply analyzing the development of the narrative. I neither presume it is early or late, credible or incredible, historically accurate or inaccurate.

If I was analyzing King Kong films and suggested that in the 1978 version, Kong's association with big oil companies softened a theme of bestiality, I would not be presuming the film was early or late, credible or incredible, historically accurate or inaccurate. I would simply be pointing out a phenomena in the text.

If I noted that in "Iron Man 2," the character of Tony Stark, more closely resembled the character of the actor Robert Downey; and in "Iron Man" more closely resembled Howard Hughes, I would not be presuming the film was early or late, credible or incredible, accurate or inaccurate.


Warmly,

Jay Raskin

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Originally Posted by PhilosopherJay View Post
Hi aa5874,

...

Quote:
Originally Posted by Philosopher Jay
..My argument is based on solid literary evidence. There are a least a dozen cases where James is identified as the brother of John in the synoptic gospels and in Acts, he is specifically referred with the phrase James, the brother of John...
Your argument DEPENDS on the PRESUMPTION that the Pauline writings are early, Credible and historically accurate.
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Old 09-19-2012, 04:17 PM   #33
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to jay greetings, your analogy to king kong movies looks imo relevant on the surface, but the fact is having the evidence in my head about when they were produced gives me an almost certain way to look at the way they are presented, same with iron man. aa is looking at things from what he knows. he may be close-minded about assumptions and hypotheses, but that doesnt make his core argument any less coherent imho.
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Old 09-19-2012, 04:30 PM   #34
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Hi aa5874,

I do not presume that the Pauline writings are early, credible or historically accurate.

I am simply analyzing the development of the narrative. I neither presume it is early or late, credible or incredible, historically accurate or inaccurate...
Please, your posts are recorded. Examine Excerpts of your OWM OP.

Post #1.

Quote:
Originally Posted by Philosopher Jay
...I propose that when the text was originally written there was no need to distinguish any James. Only later, after the synoptic gospels and the Gospel of Thomas were in circulation would it have become necessary to interpolate the phrase "Brother of the Lord" to clarify which James was being referred to.

Just as the phrase is almost certainly an interpolation in Josephus' "Antiquities," it is most likely an interpolation in "Galatians."..
From your very first post your argument was based on the PRESUMPTION that the Pauline writings were Early, Before the Gospels, and then Later Interpolated.

You NEVER did present any evidence of antiquity for an Early Uninterpolated Galatians.

Ehrman is also arguing that Paul the Galatians writer PHYSICALLY met the Apostle James the Lord's brother in Jerusalem and PHYSICALLY wrote or is the author of the Galatians letter.

Neither you NOR Ehrman have ever presented any corroborative Evidence from antiquity to show that the Pauline writings were early and before the Jesus story was known, circulated, preached and Believed.


Examine your own post # 14.

Quote:
Originally Posted by PhilosopherJay
...Post 14 Hi avi, I think you're right that the whole trip to Jerusalem was edited in later then the rest of the epistle. The "Brother of the Lord" was another interpolation in that interpolation.
Where is the EVIDENCE from antiquity that there was an EARLIER Unedited Galatians??

You have NO evidence so you PRESUMED it into existence.

Please, you have NO letter to the Galatians without the trip to Jerusalem.

What EARLIER UNEDITED Galatians are you talking about??

Who in antiquity claimed Galatians was EDITED??

Your presumptions about earlier unedited Galatians were introduced merely to make an argument.

As I have told you before, Not even the author of Acts claimed Paul wrote any letter to Galatians up to the time of FESTUS c 59-62 CE.
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Old 09-20-2012, 06:34 AM   #35
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Default A Couple of Points on the Editing of Galatians

Hi aa5874,

First, I would like to note that Robert Eisler apparently came up with the theory of "the Lord for John" interpolation in Galatians 1:19 a while ago. From Vridar Blog by Neil Godfrey:
Quote:
Who was the James who is called in Gal. i, 19 “the brother of the Lord”? Eisler has given a number of reasons, not without weight, for identifying this “pillar” with James the Son of Zebedee. If, as has been surmised, Gal. i, 18, 19 is an interpolation, the principal object of which is to stress the pre-eminence of Peter, there is no other passage in this Epistle to throw light on his origin. . . . . .

. . . . . . It is certainly strange that three favourite disciples of Jesus (Peter, James, and John) should play so prominent a part in the beginnings of the Church of Jerusalem, and that, when James has been executed, another man of the same name should at once mysteriously take his place.
Erhman is a good magician. He conjures the historical Jesus into existence with his hidden left hand (early dating assumptions) while distracting us with his right hand - New Testament manuscript evidence and the Oral Tradition. The New Testament manuscript evidence shows too little, while the oral tradition shows us too much. The NT manuscript tradition only shows what the orthodox was able to preserve and transmit after the Third century. It does not show us the sources of those manuscripts which come from the First and Second Centuries. In other words, he gives us information too little and too late to see the development of the mythological characters and plots. On the other hand, one can prove anything by invoking the oral tradition and thus one can prove nothing by invoking it.

The correct method is not to hide two centuries of multiple manuscript traditions with your left hand, while distracting people with your right hand with NT manuscript evidence and oral tradition. We need to logically reconstruct the slow three century evolution of Jesus from mythology to history.

I can understand your concerns that by looking at Ehrman's right hand, I am getting caught up in his distractions. It is better to just focus on the hidden left hand which obviously makes the switch from the Mythological Jesus to the Historical Jesus. Nevertheless, seeing the specific distractions can help us to understand how the switch is being made. While looking at the distractions, I do not for a moment see them as anything but the distractions they are to accomplish the magic trick.

Textual variations may indicate evidence of editing. If there was editing there must be an earlier writing and a later writing. Seeing this difference is different than claiming an early specific time period such as prior to 70 CE. I date the gospels to generally to circa 150-200 CE. Saying that I do not see gospel influence in this epistle would leave any date open for it before 150-200 CE.

Here are some of the textural variations as given at Biblequery.org:
Quote:

Gal 1:3 “our Father and Lord” vs. “Father and our Lord”

Gal 1:6 “Christ” vs. “Jesus Christ”

Gal 1:8 “preach a gospel to you” vs. “preach to you a gospel”

Gal 1:11 “for” different Greek words

Gal 1:15 “when God pleased” vs. “when pleased” (2 words)

Gal 1:18a “then after three years I went up” vs. “then after I went up” (only in Sinaiticus and Alexandrinus, so 2 words not counted in the totals)
Gal 1:18b “Cephas” vs. “Peter” (both are names for the same person.) The second is only in Becae Cantabrigiensis, corrected Sinaiticus, and later manuscripts, so 1 word not counted in the totals)

Gal 2:1 fourteen years again “I went” vs. “consumed”

Gal 2:5 “to whom” (most manuscripts) vs. “whom” (Bezae Cantabrigiensis (=D)) so not counted in the totals

Gal 2:9 “Cephas” vs. “Peter” (p46, Bezae Cantabrigiensis, Italic D, Marcion, Origen, )

Gal 2:11 “Cephas” vs. “Peter (only in Bezae Cantabrigiensis, Harclean Syriac, and apparently some Vulgate, so 1 word not counted in the totals)

Gal 2:12a case of “some”

Gal 2:12b case of “they came”

Gal 2:14 “Cephas” vs. “Peter (only in Bezae Cantabrigiensis, Harclean Syriac, and apparently some Vulgate, so 1 word not counted in the totals)

Gal 2:20 “Son of God” vs. “God the Son” (2 words)

Gal 3:1a “you bewitched you” vs. “you bewitched you not to obey the truth” (only in Ephraemi Rescriptus , apparently the Vulgate, and Harclean Syriac, so 4 words not counted in the totals)

Gal 3:1b “was written crucified” vs. “was written crucified among you” (only in Bezae Cantabrigiensis, Italic d, Harclean Syriac so 2 words not counted in the totals)

Gal 3:12 “shall live in them” vs. “man shall live in them” (only in some Vulgate, later italic, and corrected Becae Cantabrigiensis, so 1 word not counted in the totals)

Gal 3:14 “blessing vs. “promise”

Gal 3:16 “who is Christ” vs. “of whom is Christ” (only in F and G, so 1 word not included in the totals) (The Orthodox Corruption of Scripture p.241)

Gal 3:17 “God” vs. “God to Christ”

Gal 3:19 “for the sake of it was added” vs. “for the sake of it was appointed” vs. “for action of it appointed” (2 words)

Gal 3:21 “promises of God” vs. “promises of Christ”

Gal 3:28 “for to be” vs. “to be” vs. “in to be in” (Italic) vs. “to be” (p46, Alexandrinus) vs. “to be in” (original Sinaiticus)

Gal 4:4 “come from woman” vs. “having been made” (only in Latin texts so 3 words not counted in the totals (The Orthodox Corruption of Scripture p.239)

Gal 4:6 “your (plural) hearts” vs. “our hearts”

Gal 4:7a “by God” vs. “God”

Gal 4:7b “through God” vs. “of God through Christ” (2 words)

Gal 4:14 “my” vs. “our” temptation

Gal 4:23 “he of the slave-woman” vs. “he indeed of the slave-woman”

Gal 4:25a “Now/And (δὲ )” vs. “But/For (γάρ)”

Gal 4:25b “Now Hagar is Mount Sinai” vs. “For Sinai is a mountain” approximately (4 words)

Gal 4:26 mother of all of us” vs. “mother of us”

Gal 4:28 “we… we are” vs. “you … you are” (2 words)

Gal 5:1 “with which Christ us made free” vs. “with which us Christ made free”

Gal 5:7 “you do not obey the truth” vs. “you do not obey truth”

Gal 5:9 “a little leaven all the lump leavens” vs. “a little leaven all the lump corrupts” (only in Bezae Cantabrigiensis, Italic d, and Vulgate, so 1 word not counted in the totals. This is also in 1 Cor 5:6)

Gal 5:11 “scandal of the cross” vs. “scandal of the cross of Christ” (Alexandrinus, Ephraemi Rescriptus, Coptic, Ethiopic)

Gal 5:20 “fighting” vs. “fightings”

Gal 5:21 absent (p46, Siniaticus, Vaticanus, Sahidic Coptic, some Georgian, Clement of Rome, Marcion ) vs. “murders” Alexandrinus, Ephraemi Rescriptus, Bezae Cantabrigiensis, Byzantine Lectionary, Italic, Bohairic Coptic, Armenian, Ethiopic, some Georgian, Chrysostom, Priscillian, Pelagius)

Gal 5:23 “self-control” (p46, Sinaiticus, Alexandrinus, Vaticanus, Ephraemi Rescriptus, Byzantine Lectionary, Syraic, Sahidic Coptic, Bohairic Coptic, Armenian, Ethiopic, some Georgian, Chrysostom) vs. “self-control, chastity” (original Bezae Cantabrigiensis, Priscillian) vs. “self-control, patience” (later manuscripts) (no reliable early manuscripts differ, so not counted in the totals)

Gal 5:24 “Christ Jesus” (Alexandrinus, Vaticanus, Ephraemi Rescriptus, Sahidic Coptic, Bohairic Coptic, some Georgian) vs. “Christ (p46, Bezae Cantabrigiensis, Byzantine Lectionary, Syriac, Armenian, some Georgian, Chrysostom) vs. “Lord Jesus Christ” (original Sinaiticus)

Gal 6:2 “you will/shall fulfill” vs. “you fulfill” vs. “you will satisfy”

Gal 6:10 “we should work” vs. “we shall work”

Gal 6:13 “are circumcision” vs. “have been circumcision”

Gal 6:15 “And not/neither/nor for” vs. “In/by for”

Gal 6:17 “Jesus” vs. “Christ” vs. “Lord Jesus” vs. “Lord Jesus Christ” vs. “our Lord Jesus Christ” vs. “my Lord Jesus Christ” (counted as 1 word)

Postscript in some manuscripts:, “To Galatians written from Rome.” (5 words)

Bibliography for this question: The Greek New Testament Third Edition by Kurt Aland et al., The Greek New Testament Fourth Edition by Kurt Aland et al., Interlinear Greek-English New Testament by George Ricker Berry, the Interlinear Bible by Jay P. Green, The Expositor’s Bible Commentary volume 8, A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament 2nd edition by Bruce M. Metzger, The Orthodox Corruption of Scripture by Bart Ehrman, The Complete Text of the Earliest New Testament Manuscripts edited by Philip W. Comfort and David P. Barrett, The Expositor’s Greek Testament edited by W. Robertson Nicoll, and footnotes in the NASB, NIV, NKJV, and NRSV Bible translations. Manuscripts of the Greek Bible : An Introduction to Paleography by Bruce M. Metzger also has interesting information on the characteristics and quality of the copying of each manuscript.
This is just a handful of the texual variations.

Stephen Carlson, in his newly published dissertation on Galatians, finds many more variations. Some of them fairly important. From The Text of Galatians and its History by Stephen Carlson:

Quote:
In some cases, even tiny differences over what the text says can have a huge effect on what the text means. For example, ever since a memorable exchange between Jerome and Augustine, exegetes have been fascinated by what happened at Antioch as Paul described it in
Gal 2:11-14. According to the current Nestle-Aland text, this incident was triggered by the arrival of certain people from James, who intimidated Cephas into publicly changing his mind and separating himself from the gentiles (Gal 2:12 ὅτε δὲ ἦλθον ὑπέστελλεν “but when they
came, he withdrew”). The best and earliest manuscripts, however, tell another story. A difference of a single letter in the text—from the omicron in ἦλθον (“they came”) to the epsilon in ἦλθεν (“he came”)—results in a markedly different understanding of the incident. Instead of
being intimidated at Antioch into changing his mind, Cephas came to Antioch with no intention of eating with the gentiles, and this is what Paul found objectionable. What happened at the Antioch incident and even when it happened remains a scholarly point of contention even today.
This suggests to me that somebody changed the text from Paul accusing both Peter and James of rejecting gentiles in the faith to Paul only accusing James of doing it and Peter is portrayed as being bullied by James into accepting it.

Nevertheless, despite the large number of these variations in the manuscripts we now possess, it is important to remember that we cannot bring any of this stuff to prove what was in the texts written before the 3rd Century. Wikipedia says this about the dating of P.46, the earliest manuscript evidence for Galatians:

Quote:
As with all manuscripts dated solely by palaeography, the dating of \mathfrak{P}46 is uncertain. The first editor of parts of the papyrus, H. A. Sanders, proposed a date possibly as late as the second half of the 3rd century.[18] F. G. Kenyon, editor of the complete editio princeps, preferred a date in the first half of the 3rd century.[19] The manuscript is now sometimes dated to about 200.[20] Young Kyu Kim has argued for an exceptionally early date of c. 80.[21] Griffin critiqued and disputed Kim's dating,[1] placing the 'most probable date' between 175-225, with a '95% confidence interval' for a date between 150-250.[22]
Any changes that occurred in the manuscript tradition before 150-250 would not be recorded in our manuscript tradition. yet we know that before this period would be the time when the deepest theological editing would have occurred. If we are not permitted to speculate on what these changes were, we can not understand the evolution of the Jesus Myth.

Warmly

Jay Raskin

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Originally Posted by aa5874 View Post
Quote:
Originally Posted by PhilosopherJay View Post
Hi aa5874,

I do not presume that the Pauline writings are early, credible or historically accurate.

I am simply analyzing the development of the narrative. I neither presume it is early or late, credible or incredible, historically accurate or inaccurate...
Please, your posts are recorded. Examine Excerpts of your OWM OP.

Post #1.



From your very first post your argument was based on the PRESUMPTION that the Pauline writings were Early, Before the Gospels, and then Later Interpolated.

You NEVER did present any evidence of antiquity for an Early Uninterpolated Galatians.

Ehrman is also arguing that Paul the Galatians writer PHYSICALLY met the Apostle James the Lord's brother in Jerusalem and PHYSICALLY wrote or is the author of the Galatians letter.

Neither you NOR Ehrman have ever presented any corroborative Evidence from antiquity to show that the Pauline writings were early and before the Jesus story was known, circulated, preached and Believed.


Examine your own post # 14.

Quote:
Originally Posted by PhilosopherJay
...Post 14 Hi avi, I think you're right that the whole trip to Jerusalem was edited in later then the rest of the epistle. The "Brother of the Lord" was another interpolation in that interpolation.
Where is the EVIDENCE from antiquity that there was an EARLIER Unedited Galatians??

You have NO evidence so you PRESUMED it into existence.

Please, you have NO letter to the Galatians without the trip to Jerusalem.

What EARLIER UNEDITED Galatians are you talking about??

Who in antiquity claimed Galatians was EDITED??

Your presumptions about earlier unedited Galatians were introduced merely to make an argument.

As I have told you before, Not even the author of Acts claimed Paul wrote any letter to Galatians up to the time of FESTUS c 59-62 CE.
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Old 09-20-2012, 10:48 AM   #36
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Hi aa5874,
First, I would like to note that Robert Eisler apparently came up with the theory of "the Lord for John" interpolation in Galatians 1:19 a while ago....
Please, please, please I don't want to hear about "Authority" I NEED EVIDENCE from antiquity.

If I allow Eisler then the Christians are going to tell me about Ratzinger and the Mormons are going to tell me about Joseph Smith.

When I review any matter I EXAMINE the Evidence not Expert Opinion.

Quote:
Originally Posted by PhilosopherJay
Erhman is a good magician. He conjures the historical Jesus into existence with his hidden left hand (early dating assumptions) while distracting us with his right hand - New Testament manuscript evidence and the Oral Tradition....
Your statement is amusing. You know Ehrman is a magician yet you allow him to distract you.

Well, Ehrman is NOT a magician.

Typically Magicians Publicly Announce that they do Magic tricks.

Ehrman Misleads. He has not admitted that his Jesus was a product of Fiction--Not Magic.

Quote:
Originally Posted by Philosopher Jay
...Textual variations may indicate evidence of editing. If there was editing there must be an earlier writing and a later writing. Seeing this difference is different than claiming an early specific time period such as prior to 70 CE. I date the gospels to generally to circa 150-200 CE. Saying that I do not see gospel influence in this epistle would leave any date open for it before 150-200 CE.
I am delighted that you mention Textual variations and that you date the Gospels to circa 150-200 CE.

This is most fascinating.

Now, After analysis of Greek New Testaments it was found that the Gospels have the HIGHEST quantity of Textual variants per page.

gMark show that more than 50% Textual variations.

The pattern is CLEAR. The earliest Gospel Text gMark show the Most Textual variations.

Now, the Pauline writings SHOW the very least Textual variations.

The Textual Variations in the Pauline writings are less than ALL other Books in the Canon even far less than Acts of the Apostles and Revelation.

It is time to EXPOSE that all the Pauline letters are FAKE.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novum_T..._New_Testament

In the 2nd century, Justin Marty did NOT acknowledge the Pauline letters but he mentioned a Jesus story in the Memoirs and Revelation by John.

The Textual variations in the Gospels and Revelation are the Highest.

Only 52% of Revelation is Free of Variants.

On average Only 54% of the Gospels is FREE of Variants.

What is the average Variant Free percent of the Pauline letters???

It is about 72%. The very least Textual variations of ALL the NT except for the Pastorals which is about 76%.

The evidence clearly suggest that the Pauline writings are some of the LATEST writings in the Canon which is PRECISELY in agreement with the writings of Justin Martyr.

A Jesus story and Revelation were composed BEFORE all the Pauline letters and Pastorals.

This is the picture from the Textual variations DATA.

The Gospels, then Revelation, then Acts of the Apostles and the Non-Pauline Epistles, then the Pauline letters to the Churches and last the Pastorals.

Please do NOT ALLOW Ehrman to distract you. Deal with the Evidence.

The abundance of evidence show or suggest the all writings in the Canon under the name of Paul were LAST and composed AFTER the Jesus story was ALREADY known, preached, published and Believed in the 2nd century.

In effect, Galatians is Neither authentic or credible.
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Old 09-20-2012, 12:12 PM   #37
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This is actually one of the subjects I tackle in my chapter in 'Is This Not the Carpenter' (or via: amazon.co.uk), if anyone is interested.
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Old 09-20-2012, 12:41 PM   #38
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Any chance of getting that book in an affordable edition?
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Old 09-20-2012, 12:54 PM   #39
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Hi Tom,

As soon as I finish Ehrman's and Carrier's books, (hopefully this weekend), I'll read yours.
Any chance for an E-book edition soon?

Warmly,

Jay Raskin

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This is actually one of the subjects I tackle in my chapter in 'Is This Not the Carpenter' (or via: amazon.co.uk), if anyone is interested.
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Old 09-20-2012, 01:17 PM   #40
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The pattern is CLEAR. The earliest Gospel Text gMark show the Most Textual variations.

Now, the Pauline writings SHOW the very least Textual variations.

The Textual Variations in the Pauline writings are less than ALL other Books in the Canon even far less than Acts of the Apostles and Revelation.
...
The evidence clearly suggest that the Pauline writings are some of the LATEST writings in the Canon
.

I doubt it is that simple.

There are other variables to consider than the passage of time, such as who, how, where, and even why the texts were copied. 'When' is only one variable. Your 'evidence' is only one thing to be considered among many many different things.
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