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Old 04-08-2010, 06:33 PM   #41
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Could you reference those early Christians?
See My archive posts Post-Resurrection Appearances Page 2 and The Empty Tomb

Irenaeus says of the Valentinians
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And that the Saviour appeared to her when she lay outside of the Pleroma as a kind of abortion, they affirm Paul to have declared in his Epistle to the Corinthians [in these words], "And last of all, He appeared to me also, as to one born out of due time
Marcion's text of Paul is difficult to establish. The clearest evidence that his text of Corinthians included at least part of 1 Corinthians 15 v 3-11 is that Epiphanius in the Panarion gives a list of passages left in Paul by Marcion which Epiphanius holds support Christian Orthodoxy against Marcion's heresy. For 1 Corinthians the list includes 'he rose on the third day'

There are also passages in the works of Tertullian and Adamantius against Marcion which quote verses from 1 Corinthians 15:3-11 in a way that most scholars have held implies that Marcion's Paul also had these verses. (ie if Marcion's Paul omitted these verses the argument would not work against its intended targets.)


Andrew Criddle
Hippolytus has contradicted Tertullian. Marcion did not use the Pauline writings instead he plagerised the doctrine of Empedocles.

It makes very little sense for Marcion to have re-written and altered the Pauline writings, supposedly in circulation for at least 100 years before, that do not contain the doctrine of Dualism when Marcion could have just simply plagerised the doctrine of Dualism from Empedocles.

This is an APOLOGETIC writer under the name of Hippolytus in "Refutation against all Heresies"7.18

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When, therefore, Marcion or some one of his hounds barks against the Demiurge, and adduces reasons from a comparison of what is good and bad, we ought to say to them, that neither Paul the apostle nor Mark, he of the maimed finger, announced such (tenets).

For none of these (doctrines) has been written in the Gospel according to Mark. But (the real author of the system) is Empedocles, son of Meto, a native of Agrigentum.

And (Marcion) despoiled this (philosopher), and imagined that up to the present would pass undetected his transference, under the same expressions, of the arrangement of his entire heresy from Sicily into the evangelical narratives....

See "Refutation Against All Heresies" 7 by Hippolytus for the doctrine of Marcion and Empedocles.
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Old 04-08-2010, 06:43 PM   #42
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Isn't the dating of First Corinthians and Second Corinthians an important issue? When were they written? If they were written in say 90 A.D., it would have been pretty difficult for people to check things out about sixty years after the supposed facts.
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Old 04-08-2010, 09:52 PM   #43
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I'm pretty sure one can be certain about these things, even 2000 years ago, for the reasons mentioned above. Many things we are certain about that happened 2000 and more years ago (e.g. Augustus reigned from 27 BC - 14 AD).
You are welcome to your certainty. I will remain skeptical about all ancient history, and even more so about Biblical history.

However, even for those willing to claim certainty where I do not consider it reasonable to do so, surely you must distinguish between the quality of evidence of the years of reign of Augustus vs. the quality of evidence that Paul of Tarsus penned 1 Cor 15 sometime in the mid 1st century. Surely this is *why* you mentioned Augustus?
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Old 04-09-2010, 05:42 AM   #44
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Is there some reason to go back to the hits and misses of a century and a half ago? I doubt it.
Baur's reasoning was simple and straightforward: the primitive arguments of Jewish and Gentile Christianity. That is a criteria which, combined with supporting factors pretty much solidifies the 4 letters he accepted as Pauline. The other 3 are widely accepted based on style and other reasons (for examples the absense of disputes over the Law in 1 Thess. is due to the lack of evidence that it was ever a problem there, or at least not as early as 51).
Freud's thinking was simple and straightforward as well. It doesn't make it correct. I'm not arguing with Baur here, but with your choice to go back a century and a half to an early thinker who was a pioneer, but who is now more a historical interest rather than an important figure.

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He quotes them. He reproduces long segments from a few of them, in a similar manner as he does from Psalms etc., so we know he quotes 3-4 of them.
I think you can establish the precedent with the psalms. You can merely assume that 1 Clem quotes the texets you want it to.

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Stylistically there is not enough content in Philemon to say anything definitive. The rest is one's tendencies.
The short Philemon has Pauline characteristics (the greeting), plus the lack of point of forgery combined with the fact that Colossians knows it (the greetings in Colossians are identical) and the fact that it was copied means it must be Pauline.
When you assume your conclusions as you have, I guess you must think you're right.


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Old 04-09-2010, 06:18 AM   #45
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Unsupported assertion.
Not really. If you open a door and expect to find an elephant in the room and there is none, the absense of evidence is evidence of absense.
When you said "in this case it is" that was, as I pointed out, an unsupported assertion. You may well want to support it now.

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It's not unsupported as per the below reasons.
It was when you said "which I find completely untrue". You left it dangling, nude and crude.

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No, it's an unsupported assertion to maintain the text was in a state of flux without any justification or overturning the below barriers. That there was no agreement on the canon up until around the 4th/5th century is well-known, but irrelevant.
This is what you said, "He cites Ehrman's mistaken idea that Christian literature was in a "state of flux" prior to the late 2nd century.. that may be true for the canon but not the content of the letters."

As you see, yet another unsupported assertion. Post hoc ass-covering doesn't change the fact, Jeesus.

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Not if you stop to think for two seconds.
If you stopped to think a few seconds you'd stop the unsupported conjectures.

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Uh, you have absolutely no comprehension of anything that was written in that post. If Ehrman maintains our present deviations stem from the 2nd and 3rd centuries, he's clearly appealing to our lack of knowledge of the extremely minor variations that ocurred in the years 50-150, due to the below factors, not stretching into huge interpolations such as 1 Cor. 15:3-11 without any record in the mss. tradition. Either Ehrman has misinterpreted the 98.5% textual purity of the text as per Aland, or Walker quoting him.
What you are doing is forgetting that you are talking to other people, people who are trying to understand what you forget to say, as that is so obvious to you.

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2 Thess. 2:2 is a solemn condemnation of forgeries. That you can't read is not my problem.
Here's the text:
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εἰς τὸ μὴ ταχέως σαλευθῆναι ὑμᾶς ἀπὸ τοῦ νοὸς μηδὲ θροεῖσθαι, μήτε διὰ πνεύματος μήτε διὰ λόγου μήτε δι’ ἐπιστολῆς ὡς δι’ ἡμῶν, ὡς ὅτι ἐνέστηκεν ἡ ἡμέρα τοῦ κυρίου
It doesn't say what you claim.

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The letter warns against letters sent falsely in the Apostle's name, how much more forged parts of a genuine letter?
Then quote properly.

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That the letters of Paul were not to be tampered with at one's leisure, contrary to what Bart Ehrman would like us to believe, is shown by 2 Thess.'s statements, which was not written after 100, long before any strict canon.
You don't know when it was written and you don't know by whom.

2 Thess actually suggests that they were tampered with. Hence the attack on tampering. This suggests that 2 Thess is relatively late.

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And so, hardly would anyone forge it while anyone in the congregation was still alive, and by that time there would have been many copies of Paul's letters.
Umm, how many of those in the congregation were readers or who iknew all of the acceptable texts??

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It's not. They clearly couldn't stop the Gnostics from using canonical books, so how can they contain all mss transmissions?
You said, purely unsupported, "First, no one had that kind of power." Now if you want to say what you should have said when I called you out, feel free.

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If they fixed the deviations they wouldn't have left such huge ones as Romans 16:25-27 (which appears at very different places, such as at the end of Rom. 14, 15, and 16.
When were your sources for this displacement copied?

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Straying. I thought you were supposed to be talking about Pauline writings.

You cannot compare the histories of different corpuses of literature and expect them to have been treated in a similar matter, for you don't know the histories.
It's not straying.
"Are too."
"Am not."
"Rubbish."
...


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If they would have weeded out the deviations in the Pauline mss., they would have done so with the rest of the books including Acts.

There's no overgeneralization. If they could have weeded out all the deviant mss. in unity, they would have agreed on the canon before the 4th century.
If there was an active effort to bring Paul into the fold, one deals with Paul's texts. Your attempted logic of a manipulation of Paul must mean a manipulation of Acts, but as there wasn't for Acts, so there wasn't for Paul is a web of conjecture on your part.

Perhaps you also have a misconception over the nature of deviant mss. Does "different" mean "deviant"? What is actually deviant about the material in Western Acts that is upsetting you?


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Old 04-09-2010, 06:53 AM   #46
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It is exactly because there was no reason not to put, for example, the word for "appeared" - "optanomai" instead of of "horaho" in 1 Cor 15 (15:5, 7, etc.).
You need to make this case--with your examples clearly referenced and logic explained--rather than assume it. Ok, so Paul uses ωφθη in 1 Cor 15:5, 6, & 7. Acts 26:16 uses the same verb, meaning "appear", as does LXX Ps 42:2, Cant 2:12, Isa 1:12, Jer 13:26, etc. What's the stylistic issue?

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It's simply useless and very unlikely for a forgerer to do this or give an unconnected version of appearances in 15:3-11 for no reason really. A forgerer would have seen the Twelve as apostles (see Jude 1:3), and would not have separated them as he does in verses 5 and 7.
Perhaps the writer knew more than you do. Or at least had different assumptions.

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It's not simply a matter of style (which by itself would be enough to do away with forgery, simply because the situation becomes one not of determining inauthenticity vs. authenticity, but demanding inauthenticity is the case.. the position of most here).
This isn't just a bunch of assertions, right?

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It's exactly the style that is deemed unique, with a forgerer having slip ups (i.e. compare 3 Corinthians with the rest of the Pauline corpus), and errors are usually not obvious, such as for example using different connectives than Paul usually does, and so on.
Some writers are more skilled at their job than others. Besides, a longish text gives an analyst more exemplars to analyze than five or six verses. It's not serious to base a stylistic analysis on such a small sample.

I know that it's going to be hard to put aside the bald assertions and provide the meat to the message, but that's what you need to do.


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Old 04-09-2010, 09:57 AM   #47
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I know that this issue has been discussed at this forum before, but I think that some additional discussions would be helpful.
I've said this in previous threads but IMO the use of some version of this passage by early heterodox Christians as well as the orthodox makes it very difficult to regard it as a 2nd century interpolation.

Andrew Criddle
Yes, I would agree that if it is an interpolation it would have been an early one. There appears to be no "textual" case for one, as all early extant manuscripts include this passage. But, I believe Price has a strong case for interpolation based on dissimilarity of this passage to the Pauline corpus.

In addition to what Price says in his essay, there is the issue of Paul's 'penitential posturing' in 15:8-9, which is not just un-Pauline but grotesquely anti-Paul. Not only Paul did not consider himself "least of the apostles" and "unfit to be called one", his attitude is exactly and consistently opposite to what the verses indicate. Paul's calling to the mission is directly from God and owes nothing to men. He considers himself not a least inferior to the superlative apostles. He has confidence in the Lord that his flock will take no other view than his. And those who trouble his flock (with other views than Paul's) are subject to Lord's judgment. On the 'persecution' there is also a huge discrepancy between what this passage says and how Paul (or a genuine Paul's tradition) present his attitude. This passage says that Paul was unfit to be called an apostle because he 'persecuted the church of God'. But in Phl 3:4-6 Paul considers his persecutory 'zeal' as a sign of Judaic uprightness (dikaiosyne) , and a duty as a Pharisee. Galatians 1:13-16 also attribute the persecution to his advanced learning and zealous guard of the Judaic traditions - i.e. as a mark of superiority !!! Also, when Paul converted, he was called through 'God's grace' and God was 'pleased to reveal his son in Paul'. Though the phrasing of Gal 1:15 has been under scholarly scrutiny, the intended idea is clear. God chose Paul as his tool because Paul was an exceptional man, not as a reprimand, or in an act of 'even-Steven' on the road to Damascus. This legend or the kind of self-flagellation of 1 Ti 1:13, grew out of the kind of critique of Paul that 1 Cor 15:3-11 naively presents as Paul's own agreement to a low standing on the apostolic nomenclatura, which probably dates from several decades after Paul's death.

(Going by the 'James' marker as below Cephas and the twelve, but still meriting a distinct mention, I would venture the insert was created before the writing of the Acts whose author evidently has all sorts of problems in handling this figure).

Jiri
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Old 04-09-2010, 10:20 AM   #48
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It is exactly because there was no reason not to put, for example, the word for "appeared" - "optanomai" instead of of "horaho" in 1 Cor 15 (15:5, 7, etc.).
You need to make this case--with your examples clearly referenced and logic explained--rather than assume it. Ok, so Paul uses ωφθη in 1 Cor 15:5, 6, & 7. Acts 26:16 uses the same verb, meaning "appear", as does LXX Ps 42:2, Cant 2:12, Isa 1:12, Jer 13:26, etc. What's the stylistic issue?
Just to clarify, the text of 1 Cor 15:5, 6, & 7 use ωφθη. What makes it a specifically Pauline stylistic matter? Where is this verb used in the Pauline corpus? And what is the issue with οραω?


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Old 04-09-2010, 10:40 AM   #49
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Just because they have disappeared doesn't mean there weren't a lot of them.
But that means that we don't know how many there were, or if we should expect them to have influenced our 14-letters collection.
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If the Scillitan martyrs in 180 AD could be carrying Paul's letters, clearly they were very widespread.
I don't think that it's clear from the text that they were supposed to have individual letters and not some collection.
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I know, I was giving you an example as to how changes don't go unnoticed in the mss record. There are no other divergences because Marcion was condemned. It's really surprising that the Romans doxology got into the mainstream mss at all, and just testifies more to the impossibility of forging the mss tradition without a trace.
Wait, you were giving an example as to how changes don't go unnoticed in the mss. record, and then you admit that we don't have any of the other differences from the Marcionite and the "orthodox" version in the mss tradition? :huh:
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It's not the same at all. No one would have dared do it while there were still members in the congregation, to whom the letter was read out loud (see Col. 4:16; least of all if it went to be read in other churches).
renassault, now you're just speculating.
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Old 04-09-2010, 11:31 AM   #50
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In an article at http://www.infidels.org/library/mode...-to-craig.html, Robert Price comments on William Lane Craig's criticism of his (Robert Price's) article on First Corinthians.
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