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Old 04-25-2007, 07:27 AM   #151
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Originally Posted by Larsguy47 View Post
Not exactly. You have to be specific. The 918-823BCE at 95.4% is the result of 2-sigma testing (AMS) results, weighted at 95.4% always. The two values from the 1-sigma are 903-892 (13.4%) and 885-845BCE (54.8%). 13.4% and 54.8% combine for the standard value of 68.2% for 1-sigma dating (PGC). Now any date in those ranges carry the attendendant value you state. And it is true. However, within this range there are preferences toward the higher averages, which in random testing, seemed to pile up toward the middle of the range, generally.
Lars, what is this gibberish supposed to mean? Did you just throw some numbers and terms into Microsoft Blender and pour the resulting mess into your post? The grain sub-samples in Strat IV were all tested with AMS. The sample was of insufficient mass to test in the PGC. Your explaination goes downhill from there.


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Originally Posted by Larsguy47 View Post
So the question would be, does that weighted average toward the middle of the range suggest a date closer to the single year of this event? Is there a preference for say 870.5 BCE for this event over 918BCE or 823BCE? I am hearing that you are saying, NO. Each date is equally possible.
That's what confidence intervals mean - anything within the range is equally likely. Were that not the case, the interval bounds would be different.

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Originally Posted by Larsguy47 View Post
I'm saying that is not the case, but that 874-867BCE, which carries the highest "relative probability" indeed is representative of being closest to the true date that that there is a 98% probability that this event occurred sometime between 874-867BCE. This is confirmed by the Biblical dating which dates that event to 871BCE. So it works.
Run the model again. Your peak will be different. You're misunderstanding the fact that the runs of the model drew 874-876 BCE somewhat more often than other numbers and assuming that it means that 874-876 BCE are dramatically more likely to be the real dates. They aren't. It's been explained to you why. You'll say it hasn't, but we know better.


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Originally Posted by Larsguy47 View Post
That's only because they are stuck using the outdated and incorrectly dated fixed chronology from the Assyrian eclipse dated to 763BCE which everybody knows doesn't follow the standard dating for that period and it dates that event in what normally would have been month 2 instead of month 3. So, of course, they are confused. Level IV doesn't match Shishak dated to 925BCE, which is 54 years too early. The Biblical dating for that event is in 871BCE, however, which falls within the highest probability range for this event which is 874-867BCE.
You're trying to contort the science to match the Biblical date, and you're trying to use the Biblical date to support your contortions of the science. Round and round we go. Latching onto a Biblical date as the date is gonna get you into trouble more often than not.

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Originally Posted by Larsguy47 View Post
Listen, we've been through this. There is 1000% probability that Rehov fell sometime between 4000BCE and 1992. Guaranteed. The 2-sigma range for this event is as you stated, 95.4% probability between 918-823BCE, 925BCE falling outside that range, of course. But the highest average dating for the 2-sigma range falls above 98% for dates 874-867BCE. The writers consider this to be closer to the "true date" of this event. And they are absolutely right because the true date was 871BCE based upon Biblical dating, which is the most reliable form of dating. In the meantime, the 763BCE dating of the Assyrian Period is questionable since normally that event on June 15, 763BCE would normally fall in month 2 rather than month 3. But, of course, that doesn't bother very many people except perhaps Wikipedia who points that out.
Yes. We've been through this. You've demonstrated quite convincingly that you're understanding of the mathematics involved is rudimentary, at best. You've also demonstrated that you require the Biblical dating to be correct, and will do whatever is necessary to fold, spindle, and mutilate the scientific data to arrive at a conclusion that supports your predetermined result. That may wash with your "followers", but it isn't going to wash here.

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Old 04-25-2007, 10:14 AM   #152
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What you are confused about is the dating for a period when some walls of Jericho fell during the MB Period which Kenyon dates to 1550 BC. However, that is not the event she associates with the fall of Jericho by the Israelities. Her dating for the destruction of Jericho by the Israelites is much later at a later occupation of the city in the LBIIA period, specifically dated between 1350-1325 BCE. Thus while he redates the fall of the walls of Jericho during the MB period in 1550 BC, this is not the occupational level she dates the Israelite destruction. Here is her direct quote below. Thus the known city with walls from the MB Period and when Kenyon assigns the Israelite destruction are two different things:

Kathleen Kenyon: Digging Up Jericho, Jericho and the Coming of the Israelites, page 262:

"As concerns the date of the destruction of Jericho by the Israelites, all that can be said is that the latest Bronze Age occupation should, in my view, be dated to the third quarter of the fourteenth century B.C. This is a date which suits neither the school of scholars which would date the entry of the Israelites into Palestine to c. 1400 B.C. nor the school which prefers a date of c. 1260 B.C."

Page 261 of her book, "Digging Up Jericho," in the Chapter called "Jericho And Coming Of The Israelites," she says:

"It is a sad fact that of the town walls of the Late Bronze Age, within which period the attack by the Israelites must fall by any dating, not a trace remains."
Wait, wait ... Lars, do me the favor of -reading- what you've got here. This is -exactly- the problem that faces Biblical Archaeologists that doesn't face plain Archaeologists. How so? For Archaeologists, there's no problem with the Walls falling in the MB period and the time period when Keynon (and other archaeologists) would put the Isrealites presence via artifactual data during LBIIA.

Why? Archaeologists try and reconstruct history from the evidence of the archaeological record. What you have to do is -discount- one bit of archaeological evidence because it doesn't fit with your story.

Unless, of course, you don't think the walls are important? I remind you:

Quote:
Joshua 6:15-21

15 On the seventh day, they got up at daybreak and marched around the city seven times in the same manner, except that on that day they circled the city seven times. 16 The seventh time around, when the priests sounded the trumpet blast, Joshua commanded the people, "Shout! For the LORD has given you the city! 17 The city and all that is in it are to be devoted [a] to the LORD. Only Rahab the prostitute [b] and all who are with her in her house shall be spared, because she hid the spies we sent. 18 But keep away from the devoted things, so that you will not bring about your own destruction by taking any of them. Otherwise you will make the camp of Israel liable to destruction and bring trouble on it. 19 All the silver and gold and the articles of bronze and iron are sacred to the LORD and must go into his treasury."

20 When the trumpets sounded, the people shouted, and at the sound of the trumpet, when the people gave a loud shout, the wall collapsed; so every man charged straight in, and they took the city. 21 They devoted the city to the LORD and destroyed with the sword every living thing in it—men and women, young and old, cattle, sheep and donkeys.

Courtesy of BibleGateway's New International Bible Version
Which is it Lars? HOW can you reconcile the walls falling in the 1500's BC and the Hebrews presence/destruction layer being around 1300 BC? Which is it?

Now, I did love this next part ...

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Originally Posted by Larsguy47 View Post
It is true that some get this confused because indeed some attempt to link the MB Period fall of Jericho's walls with the destruction by the Israelites and because Kenyon dates this level to 1550 BC, some have become confused that she's dating the Israelite destruction to this level, but she does not. Here is the pertinent exerpt from your article that demonstrates where you have misread this fine point:.

"A destruction of Jericho's walls dates archaeologically to around 1550 BC in the 16th century BC at the end of the Middle Bronze Age, by a siege or an earthquake in the context of a burn layer, called City IV destruction. Opinions differ as to whether they are the walls referred to in the Bible. According to one biblical chronology, the Israelites destroyed Jericho after its walls fell out around 1407 BC: the end of the 15th century. [NOTE 1*]Originally, John Garstang's excavation in the 1930s dated Jericho's destruction to around 1400 BC, in confirmation, but like much early biblical archaeology, his work became criticised for using the Bible to interpret the evidence rather than letting the facts on the ground draw their own conclusions. Kathleen Kenyon's excavation in the 1950s redated it to around 1550 BC, a date that most archaeologists support.[7][8] [SEE NOTE 2] In 1990, Bryant Wood critiqued Kenyon's work after her field notes became fully available. Observing ambiguities and relying on the only available carbon dating of the burn layer, which yielded a date of 1410 BC plus or minus 40 years, Wood dated the destruction to this carbon dating, confirming Garstang and the biblical chronology. Unfortunately, this carbon date was itself the result of faulty calibration. In 1995, Hendrik J. Bruins and Johannes van der Plicht used high-precision radiocarbon dating for eighteen samples from Jericho, including six samples of charred cereal grains from the burn layer, and overall dated the destruction to an average 1562 BC plus or minus 38 years.(Radiocarbon Vol. 37, Number 2, 1995.)[9][10] Kenyon's date of around 1550 BC is widely accepted based on this methodology of dating. Notably, many other Canaanite cities were destroyed around this time."

NOTE 1: Here is a key to this reference. Common chronology of "one" chronology for the fall of Jerusalem, meaning not all, dates this event around 1407. This comes from the dating for the Exodus around 1446BCE. That dating in turn entirely rests on not archaeological dating but on the eclipse dating from the Assyrian eponym. That is, a solar eclipse dated to 763BCE dates the Battle of Karkar to 853BCE believed to be the last year of Ahab since he is mentioned in Shalmaneser III's inscription as being present. In turn, the 5th of Rehoboam is dated to 925BCE, the year of Shishak's invasion, and Solomon's rule dated 5 years earlier based on this from 970-930BCE. This 4th year would be in 966 BCE, which is 480 years from the Exodus, which then gets dated to 1446BCE. But note, this is only one of the two more popular dates for the Exodus. Another popular dating dates the Exodus much later during the reign of Ramses II. So first off, note this is just "one" theory about the dating, there are others. But obviously this dating in 1446 is closests to the time of these known walls at Jericho. Most pertinently in the context of where Kenyon stands on this, per her comment above, her dating does not agree with this 1407 BCE dating for the fall by Joshua. She specifically disagrees with this dating for that association and dates Joshua's overthrow c. 1530-1525BCE.


NOTE 2: Please note "Kathleen Kenyon's excavation in the 1950s redated it to around 1550 BC[/SIZE], a date that most archaeologists support" is specifically talking aout the fall of walls in the late MB period, not the last occupation in the LBIIA Period. This is where you are confused, but understandably so. Again it states: " Kenyon's date of around 1550 BC is widely accepted based on this methodology of dating." Again, this is specifically about the walls at this level and in this context probably it seems Kenyon is supporting the Israelite invasion in 1550 BC rather than later in 1407BCE but she indeed is not associating the Israelite invasion with this level of destruction at all. Since the article doesn't specifically state that Kenyon has her own separate opinion about when the Israelite invasion occurs, it is presumed that Kenyon also is dating the Israelite destruction in 1550 BC, but she is not.
I will give you a point for effort, but you still don't get it. You can't change the arcaheological findings through sheer will. The walls are a critical issue if you want to talk about Jericho as a whole, but I'd been confining this just to your LBIIA dating arguement. I thought that once we actually made some progress there we could tackle the bigger issue of the wall ...

So, let me get this right ... The walls didn't need to fall for the Isrealites to take Jericho? Maybe that whole bit of Joshua is ... a story?

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Originally Posted by Larsguy47 View Post
So clearly, I understand the confusion thus it is important to quote her direct reference as above.

Thanks for pointing this out. I can see why there is confusion. But please be corrected on this. It is not me that is confused about this but you, and understandably so based upon Kenyon's position for redating this level without specifically noting her position against this being the level of Joshua's destruction of the city, which she specifically dates elsewhere.
Actually, Lars, you're the only one here who seems confused (well, except for some of us who try to follow your convoluted logic puzzles ). Kenyon doesn't -redate- the level. She gives an off-hand date for people like you who are concerned with it. If she's so sure that the level dating doesn't agree with the wall date, why doesn't she address that issue anywhere? Hmm? :huh:

Seriously Lars, which is the real important issue that makes it okay to discard evidence from the others? LBIIA date? Wall collapse date? Some eclipse? The pretty story?

Which?
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Old 04-25-2007, 10:18 AM   #153
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Originally Posted by Larsguy47 View Post
But in the meantime, also out of touch with recent research are the double-dating references to 511BCE found in a Seleucid-Period text (VAT4956) that ostensibly forces the redaing of year 37 of Nebuchadnezzar back to 511BCE. That dating lowers the entire Neo-Babylonian Period by 57 years, which adjusts nicely to the July 17, 709BCE eclipse, which does happen to fall during the natural and "customary" third month for an eclipse in Assyria, besides being a predictable eclipse. That in turn redates Shishak's invasion from 925BCE to 871BCE, which then matches both the Biblical dating and the HIGHEST WEIGHTED AVERAGE 2-sigma dating c. 870.5 BCE.

So, by all means, continue to lag behind the research, why don't you? That's the only way to keep the debate going and books sold I suppose. Same old story.
Reference of this recent research? In a peer-reviewed journal, I hope?
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Old 04-25-2007, 11:27 AM   #154
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Reference of this recent research? In a peer-reviewed journal, I hope?
Sorry, but everything at this point must be on an even playing field since your "peer-reviewed" scholarly journal is just considered part of an anti-Biblical conspiracy anyway. Higher education and universities are just covers for anti-Biblical propaganda. We see this all the time with the leaning of the academic world away from the Bible and Creation and toward atheistic.
I'll try to find the quote for you, but in one Catholic Douay Bible in the beginning the Pope urges Christians and believers to fight against and establish evidence against a growing and subversive movement founded in "higher education" and "science" that was clearly beginning to challenge the Bible. So the polemics between the Bible and the academic world is certainly established. In other words, since the educators themselves are considered biased and influenced by the Illuminati and everybody else they are hardnly any authority by which to establish a rule of establishing fact.

Thus when the system of judgment itself is considered corrupt or biased or even short-sighted, then you have to go with the ACTUAL EVIDENCE.

Case in point. The issue that Xerxes and Artaxerxes were the same king. You don't go to scholars of Greek and Persian history to get their okay on this, because they were taught based upon the propagandistic literature. They are just experts in the details of the propaganda, not the issue of whether these two kings were the same person. So at this point you have to gather all the information available, from archaeology, from varying historical sources, anything, that sheds light on this and then consider everything first hand. That's what you have to do.

Limiting references to those in th academic world based upon "peer-review" is your own fantasy of how reliable or honest the academic base is, which is not shared by everyone who are making direct challenges. The acadmic world is under fire here -- they certainly can't be their own judges.

So the RESEARCH is direct. That is, say in the case of the VAT4956, the text itself. The actual transliteration and astronomical matching of those references that are clear enough to be matched. But this is a perfect example of why "peer-review" doesn't work at this level.

When I was researching the VAT4956, the question of a reference in Line 18 came up where though the tablet was broken off at that point, the ACADEMIC EXPERTS and leaders in the field who were translating this, the very icons themselves in this field of astronomical texts, Abraham Sachs and Hermann Hunger, inserted "the Moon" in a position under the "bright star behind the lion's foot" (MUL KUR sa TIL GIR-URA). This would have occurred around the 15th of the month of Sivan. Now the moon travels through each zodiac sign basically every 2.5 days (2.5 x 12 = 30 = 1 month). The moon was in Virgo on the 5th of the month (Line 14). This was ten days later. Yet Sachs/Hunger inserted the "moon" as the reference here. The moon was clear in Capricorn by now, 4 zodiac constellations away!

Now, in Line 3, Sachs/Hunger are clearly checking positions of the moon as noted in the text against the actual astronomical positions, and thus they noted "an error for the 8th" for a reference for the moon on the 9th which did not match that position in 568BCE. So the question arises, why didn't these scholars, if they actually thought the text intended to read "the moon" here note this would have been a 10-day error! When they left off a reference that this was an "error" then the presumption is that the reference was astronomically correct. It gets worse.

If in fact, the "moon" was not under the BSBLF (beta-Virginis) on the 15th, then which planet was? OR, was there a planet under beta-Virginis on the 15th? Answer: YES! It was Venus.

So what's going on here? I'll tell what. The position of Venus below the BSBLF on the 15th is so specific that it confirms the identification of the BSBLF as "beta-Virginis." However, beta-Virginis became the substitute start for the "Rear Foot of the Lion" (GIR ar sa UR-A) in later astronomical texts from the Seleucid Period, but not in this particular text, which was an earlier text from the same Period. In this case, based upon Line 18, it is confirmed that the Bright Star Behind the Lion's Foot is a beta-Virginis reference, which means the Rear Foot of the Lion was the same actual rear foot of Leo, from ancient times. But, of course, Sachs/Hunger were forcing the newer assignment of the Rear Foot of the Lion to beta-Virginis, as they assign Line 3's reference to the "Rear Foot of the Lion" to beta-Virginis, and thus the "Bright Star Behind the Lion's Foot" must become the star following beta-Virginis in Virgo, which is eta-Virginis.

TRANSLATION: If Sachs/Hunger had inserted Venus where the text was missing, then they couldn't use beta-Virginis as the Rear Foot of the Lion in Line 3. They'd have to follow the text and make the Rear Foot of the Lion sigma-Leonis, which does make up the rear foot of Leo, and make beta-Virginis the bright star just behind Leo.

MEANING? Meaning even the most expert scholars in this field, when it comes to chronology related to the Bible can't be trusted because of their biases.

So basically, you want a commentary for Sachs/Hunger, the renown experts in the field, to comment authoritatively about what's in the VAT4956 when they are the ones busy misrepresenting what's in the text.

Now let me tell you what happens in cases like this. The academic world takes care of its own. The last line of "truth and fact" has to do with whomever the biggest contributor is, who provides the most grants. That becomes the official academic opinion. So what happens when you try to get something like this corrected? NOTHING! I wrote the British Museum, for instance, and told them about this misrepresentation. It was my opinion that Sachs/Hunger deliberately misrepresented this, but I didn't directly state that, only noted that there was an apparent misunderstanding or "error" here since in now way the moon could possibly be in Virgo on this date, and of course, if this was thought to be a scribal error, then Sachs/Hunger should have noted it as an error as usual, but incidentally Venus was in that very position.

The British Museum thanked me and admitted to the error and smugly told me: "He who writes no books, makes no errors." So to this day, with this critical text, I still have seen no official correction or comment by Hunger (Sachs is no longer with us) of this text.

But I'm presuming their illustrious reputations would be tarnished, even if they are not seen as being dishonest or biased, because they'd have to rechart all the references to the Rear Foot of the Lion to sigma-Leonis and the BSBLF as beta-Virginis. Then that opens up a whole can of worms as to why the star identity shifted during the Seleucid Period, which is rather embarassing, and why Sachs/Hunger didn't note that shift. Now I know Sach/Hunger's work so they are experts in this field, translating many texts. This is not an "error" they would have made accidentally. And the translation/transliteration were published twice!

So we're not doing the PEER-REVIEW JIVE TWO STEP this dance, sorry. Everybody is going to be drug out on the carpet and have to deal with the direct information. Our authority, especially for the astronomical texts will be the astronomy programs and the actual match-ups of these individual references. The British Museum and Sachs/Hunger are not considered "objective" in this area. Now I believe Sachs/Hunger were thinking at the time they were perhaps doing the right thing, Hunger seems to be a nice person (I've written him a letter on this), but they certainly cannot be used as a "reference" to what is actually in this text.

You don't use the people who are being attacked as their own self-appointed judges.


REFERENCE:

JUST to give a little visual about this...

http://www.geocities.com/siaxares/Virgo2aa1.GIF

This is a very crude look at how Virgo and Leo are situated for those who have no visual concept. I will use one of my programs to recreate the 15th of Sivan so you can see Venus below beta-Virginis on this date, and also the transliteration by Sachs/Hunger where they insert "the moon" here. Just so everybody can have the visuals. This is our introduction into the REALITY of astronomical dating, a field so refined and biased you have to look at the actual texts themselves and compare what the actual texts represents against what the "scholars" are claiming they say.

LG47
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Old 04-25-2007, 11:51 AM   #155
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From Larsguy47:
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Sorry, but everything at this point must be on an even playing field since your "peer-reviewed" scholarly journal is just considered part of an anti-Biblical conspiracy anyway. Higher education and universities are just covers for anti-Biblical propaganda. We see this all the time with the leaning of the academic world away from the Bible and Creation and toward atheistic.

...

since the educators themselves are considered biased and influenced by the Illuminati

...

So we're not doing the PEER-REVIEW JIVE TWO STEP this dance, sorry.
Shit head paranoia. About what we've come to expect from you. Why don't you hang out here:

http://www.conspiracyarchive.com/

RED DAVE
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Old 04-25-2007, 12:06 PM   #156
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Originally Posted by Larsguy47 View Post
Sorry, but everything at this point must be on an even playing field since your "peer-reviewed" scholarly journal is just considered part of an anti-Biblical conspiracy anyway. Higher education and universities are just covers for anti-Biblical propaganda. We see this all the time with the leaning of the academic world away from the Bible and Creation and toward atheistic.
Okay, then don't expect me to beleive it. The concept of being "peer-reviewed" is that other experts in the appropriate field, with as much or more knowledge than the author(s), has the ability to comment, or point out errors, or places where they haven't enough evidence to support a claim.

The 'leanings' of the academic world 'away from the Bible and Creation and toward atheistic' isn't exactly a new phenomenon. And it is versed in the idea that science and religion are two different realms.


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Originally Posted by Larsguy47 View Post
I'll try to find the quote for you, but in one Catholic Douay Bible in the beginning the Pope urges Christians and believers to fight against and establish evidence against a growing and subversive movement founded in "higher education" and "science" that was clearly beginning to challenge the Bible. So the polemics between the Bible and the academic world is certainly established. In other words, since the educators themselves are considered biased and influenced by the Illuminati and everybody else they are hardnly any authority by which to establish a rule of establishing fact.
So ... Galileo and Lyell and Darwin were on on this Illuminatus that flourishes against the Bible?

Man, I really wish the books of Matthew, John and Acts had never mentioned the value of persecution to the faith of Christianity. Even when things are good, they've still got to invent enemies. :huh:

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Originally Posted by Larsguy47 View Post
Thus when the system of judgment itself is considered corrupt or biased or even short-sighted, then you have to go with the ACTUAL EVIDENCE.
Yep. 'Cause that's what 'scholars' do.

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Originally Posted by Larsguy47 View Post
Case in point. The issue that Xerxes and Artaxerxes were the same king. You don't go to scholars of Greek and Persian history to get their okay on this, because they were taught based upon the propagandistic literature. They are just experts in the details of the propaganda, not the issue of whether these two kings were the same person. So at this point you have to gather all the information available, from archaeology, from varying historical sources, anything, that sheds light on this and then consider everything first hand. That's what you have to do.

Limiting references to those in th academic world based upon "peer-review" is your own fantasy of how reliable or honest the academic base is, which is not shared by everyone who are making direct challenges. The acadmic world is under fire here -- they certainly can't be their own judges.
But they are. They judge each other -all- the time. I brought up, for example, the Finkelstein/Devers dislike, for example. Within disciplines, scholars of various schools of thought pick at each other and criticize -all- the time.

The offshoot? Overall, a better quality of scholarship, based off the evidence, that is able to withstand the critical attacks of people looking for weaknesses. Not rank-and-file automitons following the orders of the artificially animated head of Galileo ... :wave:

Quote:
Originally Posted by Larsguy47 View Post
So the RESEARCH is direct. That is, say in the case of the VAT4956, the text itself. The actual transliteration and astronomical matching of those references that are clear enough to be matched. But this is a perfect example of why "peer-review" doesn't work at this level.

<Snipped case of VAT4956, The Moon/Venus discrepency of Sachs/Hunger and Lars' revelation and subsequent discounting by the British Museum>

You don't use the people who are being attacked as their own self-appointed judges.
And, Lars, do you know -why- they chose what they did? What if all the other information lined up and made this the anomaly? And why did you think that you alone warrant the attention of the British Museum to get the to print a retraction? Likely they shuffled your letter off to someone on-staff who was the astronomical expert and if they thought your case had merit, called a few more experts elsewhere to determine if it really did have merit. Is this the work of an Illuminati protecting itself?

No. It's how the world functions. If I want better quality water from my well, I can talk to a plumber or an environmental engineer. Why? Because they work with such issues as mine all the time. As much as I can cobble together a system with my own research, perhaps I might miss some of the intracacies in the overall system of filters and treatments, and thus botch it. Hence, I go to an 'expert'.

Does this mean that I feel there's an Illuminati of plumbers out there, attacking my ability to control water myself? No. It just means that I recognize that other have more knowledge of certain subjects than I do.

Can I refute your Sachs/Hunger 'error'? Nope. I took a few astronomy courses in undergrad, and I've had a number of telescopes over my life, but I'm no expert. And if I had to trust either you or Sachs/Hunger, I'd not choose you. Why? No credentials.

Although, the "PEER-REVIEW JIVE TWO STEP" was cute, even if you have no idea what you're talking about.

Quote:
Originally Posted by Larsguy47 View Post
REFERENCE:

JUST to give a little visual about this...

http://www.geocities.com/siaxares/Virgo2aa1.GIF

This is a very crude look at how Virgo and Leo are situated for those who have no visual concept. I will use one of my programs to recreate the 15th of Sivan so you can see Venus below beta-Virginis on this date, and also the transliteration by Sachs/Hunger where they insert "the moon" here. Just so everybody can have the visuals. This is our introduction into the REALITY of astronomical dating, a field so refined and biased you have to look at the actual texts themselves and compare what the actual texts represents against what the "scholars" are claiming they say.
Oh, really? So, you have the clay tablets necessary in your living room, do you? And the grain samples from Tel Rehov and the gear for C-14 dating? And the precious Armana letters? And, screw Syncellus, he quotes someone else. And forget the Bible, it was written and edited by different people. And forget your astronomy program, because I don't know if the programmers took into account the Gregorian switch and other calendric manipulations that were done to keep -our- calendar in line with the seasons. You want to do this, let's do it right.

Okay Lars, if we're going back to the 'facts', what's left beside the archaeological record?
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Old 04-25-2007, 12:08 PM   #157
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From Larsguy47:
Shit head paranoia. About what we've come to expect from you. Why don't you hang out here:

http://www.conspiracyarchive.com/

RED DAVE
No, no Red Dave ... Don't write Lars off just yet. I'm about to let him do that to himself.

And I want to see his whole walls/occupation arguement for Jericho ... :Cheeky:
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Old 04-25-2007, 12:36 PM   #158
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LINE 18 OF VAT4956 "QUICKIE" ASTROPIC!

http://www.geocities.com/siaxares/4JUL568j.JPG


Here is a quick astropic of the date for Line 18 of the VAT496. As noted part of the text was broken off but the position of the planet is specific being immediately below (sap) the "Bright Star at the End of the Lion's Foot" (MUL KUR SA til GIR UR-A). As you can see, Venus is in that position on the 15th of Sivan. Further the moon even when it was in Virgo some 10 days earlier travels through Virgo about 1 cubit or more ABOVE beta-Virginis. So "sap" (immediately below) wouldn't have even applied to the moon's position even when it was passing by beta-Virginis. Sachs/Hunger had a chance to leave this part blank, insert Venus there, or if they believed this was a reference to the moon, insert the moon and note an error of 10 days. They noted an error of just one day for Line 3, suggesting that where no error was indicated, there was an astronomical match.

What Line 18 confirms, though, is that in this particular text, the BSBLF is being assigned to beta-Virginis. Sachs/Hunger however, in Line 14, assign the BSBLF to the next star after beta-Virginis, which is eta-Virginis. So there is a discrepancy between the text star identifications and what Sachs/Hunger is representing. Per the Text the Rear Foot of the Lion (GIR ar sa URA) is thus sigma-Leonis, the actual star making up the rear foot of Leo. The Bright Star Behind the Lion's Foot is actually the star that does follow behind sigma-Leonis, beta-Virginis. Had Sachs/Hunger inserted the correct planet, Venus, it would have established this and forced them to correct their star assignments in both Lines 3 and 14. Thus in Line 3, the Rear Foot of the Lion is misrepresented as beta-Virginis when it should be sigma-Leonis.

Because Line 18 critically contradicts Sach/Hunger's misassignments of these stars in the VAT4956, there's a question as to whether their "mistake" was wholly unintentional. So they not only inserted a planet that never was in that position and certainly not in Virgo on the 15th, they missed the planet that was there, Venus, that is a perfect match!


To my knowledge this has not been corrected yet. So when it comes down to controversial and critical texts like this one, "PEER REVIEW" doesn't work. The actual text itself must be checked against the astronomical program.

I included a bad screen copy of the actual translation for comparison, but you can see a copy of the VAT4956 both transliteration and translation here:

http://becomingone.org/absoluteindex.htm

LG47
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Old 04-25-2007, 12:37 PM   #159
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Originally Posted by RED DAVE View Post
From Larsguy47:
Shit head paranoia. About what we've come to expect from you. Why don't you hang out here:

http://www.conspiracyarchive.com/

RED DAVE
"Lars Wilson" has been spreading this stuff over the internet for years.

See here and here

"Larry Wilson" does it here. This is uk.sci.astronomy, where they basically ignored him.

Then there's stuff by one "Dave2002", an example of which is here on a JW forum and "Dave2002" is spinning very much the same stuff as "Lars" and "Larry".

Who knows how many times this same stuff has been rehearsed in various fora around the net before larsguy47 got here? Whatever the case, the copious boring images and repeated phrases and ideas, should be getting to him, but I guess from his repetitiveness here that it isn't.


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Old 04-25-2007, 12:45 PM   #160
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Originally Posted by Larsguy47 View Post
But in the meantime, also out of touch with recent research are the double-dating references to 511BCE found in a Seleucid-Period text (VAT4956) that ostensibly forces the redaing of year 37 of Nebuchadnezzar back to 511BCE.
http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Part.../babylon1.html
Quote:
6. ASTRONOMICAL DIARIES
(A) The astronomical diary, VAT 4956, contains about 30 completely verified astronomical observations from Nebuchadnezzar's 37th regnal year. The combination of these astronomical positions is not duplicated again in thousands of years. Consequently, there is only one year that fits this situation - 586/7 B.C. If this was Nebuchadnezzar's 37th regnal year, as is twice stated on these tablets, then 587/6 B.C. must have been his 18th year, in which he desolated Jerusalem.
(B) The oldest preserved astronomical diary, B.M.32312, records astronomical observations that enable scholars to date this tablet to 652/51 B.C. A historical remark in the text shows this to have been the 16th year of Shamash-shuma-ukin. The diary, then, fixes his 20 year reign to 667-648 B.C., Kandalanu's 22 year reign to 647-626 B.C., Nabopolassar's 21 year reign to 625-605, and Nebuchadnezzar's 43 year reign to 604-562 B.C. This again sets his 18th year and the destruction of Jerusalem at 587/6 B.C.
letter to the Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses
Quote:
VAT 4956: This is a cuneiform tablet that provides astronomical information datable to 568 B.C.E. It says that the observations were from Nebuchadnezzar's 37th year. This would correspond to the chronology that places his 18th regnal year in 587/6 B.C.E. However, this tablet is admittedly a copy made in the third century B.C.E. so it is possible that its historical information is simply that which was accepted in the Seleucid period.

I do not know if you are aware but VAT 4956 is not the only cuneiform astronomical tablet that historians use to date the Babylonian king's reigns. The astronomical tablets are reliable as their observances can not be duplicated for some time, sometimes even thousands of years .VAT 4956 is a copy as you have stated. We know this because the original is broken off in two places and the scribe has inserted the words "broken off". The tablet has 30 astronomical observances that are so accurately described that modern astronomers have no trouble dating it to 568 BCE, which the tablet in two places states is Nebuchadnezzars 37th year. The observances are of the moon and the five then known planets. Modern astronomers point out that such combinations of astronomical positions would not be duplicated again in thousands of years. There is no way that the observances can have been made 20 years earlier. But this is not the only tablet evidence that historians use to date the period. Below is a quick resume of the others that hopefully you were not aware of and that is the reason why they were not put in the Appendix:

There is BM 32312, which can be dated to 651BCE due to the observances on it. This is the oldest preserved astronomical diary. The king, his regnal year and month names are broken away. The tablet talks of a battle between Assyria and Babylon, where Babylon is heavily defeated. However we can date this tablet as another tablet BM 86379 (The Akitu Chronicle) talks of the battle in Shamash-shuma-ukin's 16th year which interestingly states that the Babylonian King was defeated. Shamahshumakins's reign of 20 years may then be dated to 667/66-648/47 BCE. This is in good agreement with the above king lists .A change of Nebuchadnezzars 18th year from 587 to 607 BCE would also change Shamushshumukins 16th year from 652 to 672 BCE which BM 32312 does not allow.

The Saturn Tablet (BM 76738 and BM 76813) gives observances for 14 successive years of the planet Saturn corresponding to the first fourteen years of king Kandalanu, so we can date this exactly. Mr. Chris Walker who is an assistant curator in the British Museum, sent me some information on the text which explains:

" A complete cycle of Saturn's phenomena in relation to the stars takes 59 years. But when that cycle has to be fitted to the lunar calendar of 29 or 30 days then identical cycles recur at intervals of rather more than 17 centuries. Thus there is no difficulty in determing the date of the present text."

Therefore the absolute chronology of Kandalanus reign is definitely fixed by the Saturn tablet because the pattern of positions described in the text is fixed to specific dates in the Babylonian lunar calendar, that are not repeated again in more than 17 centuries.

We also have the "saros cycle texts" (LBAT 1417 - 1421) They record the lunar eclipses in the Babylonian area at the time. The texts were compiled during the Selucid era (312-64 BCE). The evidence is that the eclipse records were extracted from astronomical diaries by Babylonian astronomers who had access to a large number of diaries from earlier centuries. Prof. A.J Sachs in F.R Hodsons book "THE PLACE OF ASTRONOMY IN THE ANCIENT WORLD" states "It is all but certain that these eclipse records could have been extracted only from the astronomical diaries."

LBAT 1417 records four lunar eclipses at 18 year and nearly 11 days intervals from 686 to 632 BCE. It seems to be part of the same tablet as the previous two texts in the series, LBAT 1415 and 1416.The first entry records an eclipse from Sennacheribs third year of reign in Babylonia which may be identified with the eclipse that took place on April 22 668 BCE. Unfortunately the year number is only partly legible. However the next entry states an eclipse to the second month in Shamushshumukins accession year. This equates to April/May in 668 BCE. Babylonian astronomers had worked out that this would be an eclipse that would not be observable to Babylon. Modern eclipse catalogues show that such an eclipse took place on May 2, 668 BCE. The length and time of the eclipse are in good agreement with the text. If we have to add 20 years to Shamushshumukins reign to fit in with our chronology, this will give us an accession date for Shamashashumkin of 688 BCE. However no unobservable eclipses occurred in April or May of that year. One did occur on June 10 668 BCE, but this one was observable to Babylon. It is therefore an impossible alternative.

The next entry in the text is dated to Shamushshumukins 18th year that is 650/649 BCE. This eclipse too was a computed one, which would begin before sunset. According to modern calculations this eclipse took place on May 13 650 BCE between 16.25 P.M. and 18.19 P.M. Again if we place this eclipse 20 years earlier no eclipses took place in April or May that year. .One eclipse did take place on June 22 but this began at 7.30 am.

The next and last entry is dated to the 16th year of Kandalanu (632 BCE) and to the fifth month, which would correspond to May or June. This partial eclipse also took place the time it should have on May 23, 632 BCE . If we add 20 years to make Kandalanus 16th year 652 BCE, we do find an eclipse taking place on July 2nd that year, but it was a full eclipse and not partial as stated.

So we see that the LBAT 1417 tablet backs up the regnal years of Shamashshumukin and Kandalanu and do not allow for 20 years to be inserted.

LBAT 1419 records an uninterrupted series of Lunar eclipses at 18 year intervals from 609/08 to 447/46 BCE. The first entries that are recorded are damaged. However the two following entries are clearly dated to the 14th and 32nd year of the reign of Nebuchadnezzar. His 14th and 32nd years are dated to 591/90 and 573/72 BCE respectively. The two eclipses recorded, one saros apart, both took place in the sixth month in August or September. Both eclipses were calculated in advance and the Babylonians knew that none of them would be observable in Babylonia because they both occurred in the daytime. According to modern calculations both eclipses took place as predicted and fit in very well with the chronology established for Nebuchadnezzar. However if we were to look for the two eclipses twenty years earlier, no eclipses occurred in that year that fit the description of the text.

The next entry records an eclipse that is quite detailed:

"Month VII, the 13th, in 17 degrees on the east side all (of the moon) was covered,28 degrees maximal phase In 20 degrees it cleared from the east to north? Its eclipse was red. Behind the rump of Aries, it was eclipsed. During onset, the north wind blew, during clearing, the west wind. At 55 degrees before sunrise.
Unfortunately the king and royal year are missing. But this eclipse took place on Oct 6/7 555 BCE in the first year of Nabonidus. Although the year and name is missing, it is of the uppermost importance to notice that the text places the eclipse one saros cycle after the eclipse in the 32nd year of Nebuchadnezzar.

LBAT 1420 contains annual eclipses. All are from the reign of Nebuchadnezzar, from his first to his twenty ninth years. The first record, that records two eclipses that were not observable, is damaged and the year number is illegible. However the last part of Nebuchadnezzar name is preserved. The name of the king is not repeated which means that the king is the same during the whole period. Some of the records are damaged but the ones that are legible are in good agreement with the king lists. This record carries detail of twenty four eclipses of which 12 have the regnal year preserved. . Again these eclipses took place according to modern calculations and if we were to add twenty years to the reign of Nebuchadnezzar, the eclipses would not be correct.

LBAT 1421 records two eclipses observable in Babylon in the sixth and twelfth month of year 42, evidently of the reign of Nebuchadnezzar. Provided that these eclipses occurred in the 42nd year of Nebuchadnezzar and there was no other king that ruled as long as him, we should find the eclipses as recorded. Modern calculations state that they did happen.
http://user.tninet.se/~oof408u/fkf/e...furulirev1.htm
Quote:
Such detailed observations are shown by VAT 4956, in which about two-thirds of the lunar and planetary positions recorded are given in relation to normal stars and planets. And, in contrast to positions related to constellations, where the moon or a planet usually is just said to be "in front of," "behind," "above," "below," or "in" a certain constellation, the records of positions related to normal stars also give the distances to these stars in "cubits" (ca. 2–2.5 degrees) and "fingers" (1/24 of the cubit), as Swerdlow points out. Although the measurements are demonstrably not mathematically exact, they are considerably more precise than positions related only to constellations. As Swerdlow suggests, the measurements "may have been made with something as simple as a graduated rod held at arm's length." (Swerdlow, op. cit. p. 40)

By parsing all the astronomical diaries in the first two volumes of Sachs/Hunger's ADT, Professor Gerd Grasshoff "obtained descriptions of 3285 events, of which 2781 are complete without unreadable words or broken plates. Out of those are 1882 topographical events [i.e., positions related to stars and planets], 604 are lunar observations called Lunar Six … and 295 are locations of a celestial object in a constellation." (Gerd Grasshoff, "Normal Stars in Late Astronomical Babylonian Diaries," in Noel M. Swerdlow [ed.], Ancient Astronomy and Celestial Divination, London: The MIT Press, 1999, p. 107) Thus, two-thirds of the positions are related to stars or planets, whereas only about 10 percent are related to constellations.

This "source of error" is related to the previous one. As Furuli points out, VAT 4956 is a later copy in which the copyist tried to modernize the archaic terminology of the original tablet. This procedure, Furuli states, "may very well cause errors."
Quote:
Copying errors do exist, but they usually create few problems in tablets that are fairly well preserved and detailed enough to be useful for chronological purposes. As discussed in GTR4, ch. 4, A-1, the dated lunar and planetary positions recorded in VAT 4956 evidently contain a couple of scribal errors. These errors, however, are minor and easily detected by modern computations based on the recorded observations.

Thus, on the obverse (front) side, line 3 has day 9, which P.V. Neugebauer and E. F. Weidner pointed out in 1915 is a scribal error for day 8. Similarly, obverse, line 14 (the line quoted by van der Waerden above), has day 5, which is obviously an error for day 4. The remaining legible records of observed lunar and planetary positions, about 30, are correct, as is demonstrated by modern calculations. In their recent examination of VAT 4956, Professor F. R. Stephenson and Dr. D. M. Willis conclude:

"The observations analyzed here are sufficiently diverse and accurate to enable the accepted date of the tablet—i.e. 568-567 B.C.— to be confidently confirmed." (F. R. Stephenson & D. M. Willis in J. M. Steele & A. Imhausen (eds.), Under One Sky. Astronomy and Mathematics in the Ancient Near East, Munster: Ugarit-Verlag, 2002, pp. 423-428; emphasis added)
Part 2: Discussion Of Historical Evidence
Quote:
Second, Insight says:

The fact is that the great majority of the astronomical diaries found were written, not in the time of the Neo-Babylonian or Persian empires, but in the Seleucid period (312-65 B.C.E.), although they contain data relating to those earlier periods. Historians assume that they are copies of earlier documents.

But historians do far more than just "assume" they are copies of earlier documents. The earliest dated diaries frequently reflect the struggle of the copyists to understand the ancient documents they were copying, some of which were broken or otherwise damaged. Often the documents used an archaic terminology which the copyists tried to modernize. This is clearly true of VAT 4956, too. Twice in the text the copyist added the comment "broken off, erased," indicating he was unable to decipher a word in the text he was copying. Also, the text reflects his attempt to change the archaic terminology. But did he change the content of the text, too? On this Neugebauer and Weidner conclude: "As far as the contents are concerned the copy is of course a faithful reproduction of the original."

Suppose some of the material in the thirty complete observations recorded in VAT 4956 had been distorted by later copyists. How great is the possibility that all these "distorted" observations would fit into one and the same year, that is, Nebuchadnezzar's 37th regnal year? Remember that this year is corroborated by the royal inscriptions, the business documents, the chronicles, Berossus, and Ptolemy. Accidental errors of this kind do not cooperate to such a great extent. So there is no reason to doubt that the original observations have been correctly preserved in our copy. Vaguely saying "errors may have occurred," without presenting specific supporting evidence, is mere special pleading.

Third, Insight says:

Finally, as in the case of Ptolemy, even though the astronomical information (as now interpreted and understood) on the texts discovered is basically accurate, this does not prove that the historical information accompanying it is accurate. Even as Ptolemy used the reigns of ancient kings (as he understood them) simply as a framework in which to place his astronomical data, so too, the writers (or copyists) of the astronomical texts of the Seleucid period may have simply inserted in their astronomical texts what was then the accepted, or "popular," chronology of that time. That accepted, or popular, chronology may well have contained errors at the critical points dealt with earlier in this article.

As alluded to above, what Insight is saying is that the later copyists may have falsified the documents they were copying, in order to adapt them to their own concepts of the ancient Babylonian and Persian chronology. Similarly, the writer of the May 8, 1972 Awake! article "When Did Babylon Desolate Jerusalem?" (p. 28) imagines that the copyists may have "inserted the 'thirty-seventh year of Nebuchadnezzar'" in the diary VAT 4956. Insight makes a similar accusation. Is this a plausible theory?

As pointed out above, VAT 4956 is dated from Nisan 1 of Nebuchadnezzar's 37th year to Nisan 1 of his 38th year. Further, almost all events mentioned in the text are dated, with the month, day and time of day given. About forty dates of this kind are given in the text, though the year, of course, is not repeated at all these places. All known diaries are dated in the same way. In order to change the years in the text, the copyists would also have been forced to change the name of the reigning king, because if Nebuchadnezzar's 37th year fell in 588/7 B.C., as the Society claims, he must have been dead for many years by 568/7 when the observations of VAT 4956 were made. Is it really likely the Seleucid copyists devoted themselves to such large-scale forgery?

Now let us consider what is known about the "popular" chronology of their time, which is proposed as the database for this deliberate fraud. Does it in fact differ from what contemporary Babylonian documents indicate?

Berossus's chronology for the Neo-Babylonian era was published during the Seleucid period and evidently represents the contemporary, "popular" concept of Neo-Babylonian chronology. Berossus's figures for the reigns of Neo-Babylonian kings place Nebuchadnezzar's 37th year in 568/7 B.C., as does VAT 4956. More importantly, Berossus's Neo-Babylonian chronology, as has been shown above, is in complete agreement with the chronology given by the many documents contemporary with the Neo-Babylonian era itself such as chronicles, royal inscriptions, business documents, and with contemporary Egyptian (see below) documents. The "popular" Neo-Babylonian chronology of the Seleucid era, then, was a true and correct chronology, and there was no need for copyists to alter the ancient documents in order to adapt them to it. The theory that they falsified these documents, therefore, is groundless.

As pointed out above on page 6, and in Appendix B, the Society uses the astronomical diary Strm.Kambys.400 to help fix 539 B.C. for Babylon's fall. The discussion in the Insight book does not make it clear that this is what it is using. On the very next pages Insight begins rejecting all kinds of astronomical evidence because of their support for the date 587 B.C. for the destruction of Jerusalem.

If the Society's criticism of the astronomical diaries were valid, it would also apply to Strm.Kambys.400. Like the astronomical diary VAT 4956, this is a copy of an earlier original. In fact, it may hardly even be termed a copy. The eminent expert on astronomical texts, F. X. Kugler, pointed out as early as 1903 that this tablet is only partly a copy. The copyist was evidently working from a defective text, and therefore tried to fill in the gaps in the text by his own calculations. Thus only a portion of Strm.Kambys.400 contains true observations. The rest are additions by a rather unskilled copyist from a much later period. Kugler commented that "not one of the astronomical texts I know of offers so many contradictions and unsolved riddles as Strm.Kambys.400." Nevertheless, it supports the 539 B.C. date and so the Society uses it. This is entirely proper, because it is supported by many other lines of evidence.

In contrast, VAT 4956 is one of the best preserved diaries, and establishes the 37th year of Nebuchadnezzar in 568/7 B.C. Although it is also a later copy, experts agree it is a faithful reproduction of the original. As pointed out elsewhere in this essay, one may work forward from the first year of Nebuchadnezzar's reign, counting through the various kings of Babylon, to get to 539 B.C. His reign is fixed by several other astronomically confirmed dates. But the Society rejects astronomical diaries in general and VAT 4956 in particular; on the other hand it is forced to accept the most problematic one -- Strm.Kambys.400. Surely it would be difficult to find a more striking example of dishonest scholarship.

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