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Old 03-27-2013, 08:12 PM   #41
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When I was researching Morton Smith Neusner comes across like a real something. Makes you wonder about genius or what is taken to be genius. Brown sounded like an insane asylum. I can only tell the stories when the old man passes on but if you dig through old Providence Herald issues it's mostly there.
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Old 03-27-2013, 08:29 PM   #42
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Default Maccabees

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The Maccabees are key elements in this.

The Religious Ideas of the First Book of Maccabees
Author: Frank C. Porter
Source: The Old and New Testament Student, Vol. 14, No. 2 (Feb., 1892)

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[Maccabees 1] represents the view of the world and of life that prevailed among the upper, ruling classes in the time of national independence and glory under the Maccabean princes. It is a history of the wars that ushered in that
time, and of the rules of Judas, Jonathan and Simon, covering the period from 170 to 135 B. C. It was written by a warm adherent of the Hasmonean house, in other words by one of the Sadducean party, at a time when that party was
still in the ascendency, and even before it had come into that sharp collision with the Pharisees which made of each a party in the proper sense. The date of the book is possibly toward the end of the reign of John Hyrkanus (135-I05
B. C.), but more probably soon after it (cf. 16: 23 f.); certainly before the Roman conquest of Judea (63 B. C.)
So Professor Porter says Macc 1 was written by a Sadducee in the first century BCE. Other commentators point out the writer did not know Purim.
While I wouldn't agree with the attachment of Sadducees here, I do strongly agree with the notion that 1 Macc is a relatively late Hasmonean work--it goes at least to the times of John Hyrcanus, as per the last chapter.

2 Macc doesn't seem to know about the Hasmoneans, nor Modein, mentioning brothers Simon, Joseph and Jonathan (8:22), but no father Mattathias (cf. the strident stuff in 1 Macc 2). This Joseph was not a 1 Macc brother. I think the Hasmoneans may have grafted themselves into the family of Judas.

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On the other hand 2 Maccabees is often said to be written by Pharisees

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The book 2 Maccabees (which in the Catholic tradition is a deuterocanonical book of the Bible) focuses on the Jews' revolt against the Seleucid king Antiochus IV Epiphanes and concludes with the defeat of his general, Nicanor, in 161 BCE by Judas Maccabeus, the hero of the work. It was likely written by a Pharisee or someone sympathetic toward Pharisees, as it includes several theological innovations: propitiatory prayer for the dead, judgment day, intercession of saints, and merits of the martyrs.
I'm not so sure that the innovations discussed are clearly Pharisaical. This might either be my ignorance or perhaps some circular argumentation in the claims.

Also 2_Maccabees

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Unlike 1 Maccabees, 2 Maccabees was written in Koine Greek,[1] probably in Alexandria,[2] Egypt, c 124 BC.[3] It presents a revised version of the historical events recounted in the first seven chapters of 1 Maccabees
How could 2 Maccabees be written in Greek before 1 Maccabees was written in Hebrew?
I think the first two chapters will answer that question. See especially 2:23,

[T2]all this, which has been set forth by Jason of Cyrene in five volumes, we shall attempt to condense into a single book.[/T2]

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It seems that the history of these books is quite unclear.

However, if 1 Maccabees was written in the early 1st century BCE, then 2 Maccabees could have been written even in the 1st century CE. But, in any case, the Pharisaical leanings of the author have to be controversial.
Long ago I developed a theory about Alkimos, the high priest at the time of Judas the Maccabee, who is not mentioned at all in 2 Macc, but is a villain in 1 Macc, whose greatest crime was to tear down the wall of the inner court of the sanctuary (9:54), well, partially, if you believe the next verse. The tearing down of that wall was an attack on the priesthood by removing the separation between the priests and the rest of the people. Alkimos has got a bad wrap out of this, but I think that move represents a current within the Judaism of the time which was stimulated by the leveling effects of the struggle against Antioch that allowed the emergence of non-priestly religious currents by their empowerment through their necessity in the struggle. (The currents probably existed previously, but had no power.) Alkimos would not have acted unilaterally in the removal of the wall, but had some politico-religious program in mind, which may reflect the rise of the Pharisees.
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Old 03-27-2013, 08:32 PM   #43
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Has he changed from that position?
I think he has Alzheimer's disease or something like that.
Well, since he wrote that paper over 25 years ago. The paper is quite well reasoned... ie I agree with his thinking. Is that a sign of precocious Alzheimer's?
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Old 03-27-2013, 09:05 PM   #44
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The Alzheimer's came relatively recently I think. In the last decade.
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Old 03-27-2013, 09:48 PM   #45
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I think he has Alzheimer's disease or something like that.
Well, since he wrote that paper over 25 years ago. The paper is quite well reasoned... ie I agree with his thinking. Is that a sign of precocious Alzheimer's?
The humor is acknowledged, with the proviso that it demonstrates a misunderstanding of the historical aspects of classification and diagnosis of the disease which bears his name.
Here's a prominent web site, which demonstrates the extent to which the USA population has been bombarded with the wrong information.

Alzheimer's disease = presenile dementia. It is NOT the most common form of dementia. The confusion is based on ignorance, combined with refusal of the medical profession to acknowledge Alzheimer's contribution, describing a select group of patients, in their 40's and 50's, who suffered significant memory loss before attaining an age traditionally associated with dementia of any kind.

Vascular dementia is the most common form of the disease.

Dementia is noteworthy in the context of analyzing ancient texts, reputed to have been authored by octogenarians, e.g. apostle John, and his protege, oops, forgot his name!! haha, that would have served as an illustration of Alzheimer's dementia, but for the fact that I am chronologically way past 50's. My own dementia is most likely etoh related....
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Old 03-28-2013, 02:18 AM   #46
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Enjoy the wilderness.
Yes, thats always what slaves say to those who leave.
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Old 03-28-2013, 05:49 AM   #47
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I was struck by how tenuous the reform explanation of the holiday is, ironically relying on a Greek book in the Christian Canon,etc.
I'm not sure what you mean by "tenuous". And why, even assuming that 1 & 2 Maccabees are the only texts that Jews use in explaining Hanukkah, is it ironic that Jew make appeal to and use these the books when they are explaining what Hanukkah celebrates and why it is celebrated? What bearing does the fact that 1 & 2 Maccabees are in the Catholic and Orthodox canons have on the fact that these are still Jewish books which testify to events in Jewish history?

Should Jews not use Exodus, because that too is in Christian canons?

Sorry, but I have no idea what point you are trying to make.

Jeffrey
With the exception of Reform Jews, Maccabees is not used by Jews to explain Hanukkah. The explanation is tenuous because 2 Maccabees is not an accurate account, it's Pharisaic roots are dubious, and it is even more doubtful that Rabbinic and Pharisaic Judaism are the same.

It is remarkable that Reform Judaism has the advantage of not being bound by the various idiocies in Orthodox Judaism and constructs a view of Hanukkah and Jewish history that is not much better than the Orthodox one.

Exodus made the Jewish canon.

I already said I'm sorry that you misread one of my previous posts, but you'll have to start bearing the burden of your misstatements.
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Old 03-28-2013, 06:13 AM   #48
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Jacob_Neusner is the big academic expert on the Pharisees and he considers them to have been active in the first century,
In Josephus, Judaism, and Christianity, ed. Louis Feldman & Gohei Hata, (Detroit: Wayne State, 1987), Neusner wrote a survey paper on the Pharisaic references in Josephus's works ("Josephus' Pharisees: A Complete Repertoire", 274-292) and concluded "As a political party [the Pharisees] function effectively for roughly the first fifty years of the first century BC. While individuals thereafter are described as Pharisees, as a sect the group seems to end its political life with the advent of Herod and of Hillel." (292)

Has he changed from that position?
A Life of Yohanan Ben Zakkai, Ca.1-80 C.E was written in 1970. It is available on Questia.

It goes without saying that I haven't read the whole thing.

Having stated that Yohanan ben Zakkai may not have been a real person, I did a little research to see what more learned people thought and found Neusner's biography. If he's correct, this is a guy who was a Pharisee who became a Tannaim . I'm not sure he is right, but this seems to be a little problem with your OP statement if he is.

Thanks for the Jason of Cyrene quote. This guy's actual existence is based on his presence in 2 Maccabees. I wonder what the author of 2 Maccabees did - take all the true stuff out?

2 Maccabees

Quote:
James King West writes... If the mention of 'Mordecai's day,' in 15:36, comes from Jason's work, the original from which the epitome of II Maccabees was made must have been written some time after Esther, not earlier than the last part of the second century B.C. The epitomizer, therefore, can hardly have written earlier than 100 B.C. Some scholars date his work as late as A.D. 50." (Introduction to the Old Testament, p. 468)
I mentioned previously that, 1 Macabbees doesn't mention Purim or Mordecai's Day and here we see a possible mid first century CE date.

The link doesn't mention Pharisees. I think that bullshit I mentioned in a previous post -

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propitiatory prayer for the dead, judgment day, intercession of saints, and merits of the martyrs.
is real important. I don't know why this is considered Pharisaical.
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Old 03-28-2013, 06:15 AM   #49
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Jacob_Neusner is the big academic expert on the Pharisees and he considers them to have been active in the first century,
In Josephus, Judaism, and Christianity, ed. Louis Feldman & Gohei Hata, (Detroit: Wayne State, 1987), Neusner wrote a survey paper on the Pharisaic references in Josephus's works ("Josephus' Pharisees: A Complete Repertoire", 274-292) and concluded "As a political party [the Pharisees] function effectively for roughly the first fifty years of the first century BC. While individuals thereafter are described as Pharisees, as a sect the group seems to end its political life with the advent of Herod and of Hillel." (292)

Has he changed from that position?
Just to clarify. Neusner's position is that the Pharisees were active, maybe even flourishing, at a grass-roots level in the early 1st century CE, but they were not politically active after the time of Herod.

Andrew Criddle
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Old 03-28-2013, 07:28 AM   #50
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I was struck by how tenuous the reform explanation of the holiday is, ironically relying on a Greek book in the Christian Canon,etc.
I'm not sure what you mean by "tenuous". And why, even assuming that 1 & 2 Maccabees are the only texts that Jews use in explaining Hanukkah, is it ironic that Jew make appeal to and use these the books when they are explaining what Hanukkah celebrates and why it is celebrated? What bearing does the fact that 1 & 2 Maccabees are in the Catholic and Orthodox canons have on the fact that these are still Jewish books which testify to events in Jewish history?

Should Jews not use Exodus, because that too is in Christian canons?

Sorry, but I have no idea what point you are trying to make.

Jeffrey
With the exception of Reform Jews, Maccabees is not used by Jews to explain Hanukkah.
Is that really the case? Where did the Askenazic knowledge of the revolt come from? Does not Rashi show knowledge of the books in his comments on how the feast should be celebrated?

Do not the books of Maccabees stand behind what we find in Bikkurim 1:6, Rosh HaShanah 1:3, Taanit 2:10, Megillah 3:4 and 3:6, Moed Katan 3:9, and Bava Kama 6:6 and in the Gemera at Shabbat 21?

What about what's found in the M’gillat Antiochus (“The Scroll of Antiochus”) that was read in Medieval celebrations of the feast?

Quote:
"In the days of the Hasmonean Mattathias, son of Johanan the high priest, and his sons, when the iniquitous kingdom of Greece [Syria] rose up against Thy people Israel, to make them forget Thy Law and to turn them away from the ordinances of Thy will, then didst Thou in Thine abundant mercy rise up for them in the time of their trouble, plead their cause, execute their judgment, avenge their wrong, and deliver the strong into the hands of the weak, many into the hands few, the impure into the hands of the pure, the wicked into the hands of the righteous, and insolent ones into the hands of such as are occupied with Thy Law. Both unto Thyself Thou didst make a great and holy name in Thy world, and unto Thy people didst Thou achieve a great deliverance and redemption as at this day. Whereupon Thy children entered the sanctuary of Thy house, cleansed Thy temple, purified Thy sanctuary, kindled lights in Thy holy courts, and appointed these eight days of Ḥanukkah in order to give thanks and praises unto Thy holy name."
So too M’gillat Beit Chashmona’i(m) (“The Scroll of the House of the Hasmoneans”) and M’gillah Y’vanit (“The Greek Scroll”)? Does not the the liturgical formula "'Al ha-Nissim", which was part of the prayers said in the synagogue on the celebration of the feast show knowledge of Maccabees?

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The explanation is tenuous because 2 Maccabees is not an accurate account, it's Pharisaic roots are dubious, and it is even more doubtful that Rabbinic and Pharisaic Judaism are the same.
Do you actually doubt that there was a Jewish revolt in 167-164 BCE and that the Temple was not recaptured and purified in c 164? If you do not, I cannot understand what you mean by "tenuous". How does questioning the historicity of the story that Reform Jews take from Maccabees when they celebrate Hanukkah make tenuous/doubtful the fact that Maccabees is the source of the story they recite then?

Jeffrey
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