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View Poll Results: Has mountainman's theory been falsified by the Dura evidence?
Yes 34 57.63%
No 9 15.25%
Don't know/don't care/don't understand/want another option 16 27.12%
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Old 10-20-2008, 03:47 AM   #141
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According to all suppositions, the Creed of Ulfilas postdates the Oath of Nicaea.
Of course it does. That makes no difference to the point. The point is that the Creed of Ulfilas is evidence that Arian doctrines were not what you say they were.
Dear J-D,

Rich pagans vied between one another to become christian bishops, such were the benefits and tax-exemptions up for grabs, and Constantine had to actually legislate for this to calm down. The christian religion was brand spanking new in the ominous year of 324/325 CE. Noone knew the remotest thing about it, since it was a fabrication of old parts cobbled together under sponsorship of the technologist Constantine. The greek academics, lead by Arius knew it was fabricated, and the words of Arius may be interpretted in this sense, without too much problem at all.

These five dogmatic assertions of the ascetic (perhaps priest) Arius were important enough to have been recorded as part of the earliest extant copies of the preceedings of the Council of Nicaea. I have pointed you at the relevant texts. Have you read them?

The fact of the matter is that on the original Nicaean Oath, and it is more legally appropriate to term the thing an oath, ceryainly not a creed, for a number of reasons, the words of Arius are clearly and irrefuteably presented as part of a legal disclaimer clause:

Quote:
Originally Posted by Socrates Scholasticus
CHAPTER VIII: Of the Synod which was held at Nicoea in Bithynia, and the Creed there put forth

But the holy Catholic and Apostolic church
anathematizes those who say:
"There was a time when he was not," and

"He was not before he was begotten" and

"He was made from that which did not exist,"

and those who assert that
he is of other substance or essence than the Father, or that

he was created, or he is susceptible of change.'
"

This creed was recognized and acquiesced in by three hundred and eighteen [bishops]; and being, as Eusebius says, unanimous is expression and sentiment, they subscribed it.
Arius was expelled, most fortunately in my humble opinion. If he was not expelled he may have been executed, and if he was executed at that time, we may not have any apochryphal new testament literature in our possession.

Arius may be able to perceived as the father of the new testament apochryphal literature, at that time when we human people are capable of the psychological hurdle of viewing the new testament apochryphal acts as a burlesque and a satire of Constantinianism. Arius satirised Constantine's invention, and for that the christians (lead by Constantine) regarded him as particularly seditious, and it was politically expedient to have Arius poisoned, which eventually happened. What does anyone have to say about Constantine's "Dear Arius" Letter of 333 CE?

In support of the claim that we may be able to argue that Arius could be considered the father of the new testament apochryphal literature I would like to explore the possibility that Arius of Alexandria and the author known as Leucius the disciple of the devil .

Quote:
Chapter 5 - Decretum Gelasianum
LIKEWISE A LIST OF APOCRYPHAL BOOKS
firstly we confess that the Synod of Sirmium called together by Constantius Caesar the son of Constantine through the Prefect Taurus is damned then and now and for ever.
the Itinerary in the name of Peter the apostle, which is called the nine books of the holy Clement apocryphal
the Acts in the name of the apostle Andrew apocryphal
the Acts in the name of the apostle Thomas apocryphal
the Acts in the name of the apostle Peter apocryphal
the Acts in the name of the apostle Philip apocryphal
the Gospel in the name of Mathias apocryphal
the Gospel in the name of Barnabas apocryphum
the Gospel in the name of James the younger apocryphum
the Gospel in the name of the apostle Peter apocryphum
the Gospel in the name of Thomas which the Manichaeans use apocryphum
the Gospels in the name of Bartholomew apocrypha
the Gospels in the name of Andrew apocrypha
the Gospels which Lucianus forged apocrypha
the Gospels which Hesychius forged apocrypha
the book on the infancy of the saviour apocryphus
the book of the nativity of the saviour and of Mary or the midwife apocryphus
the book which is called by the name of the Shepherd apocryphus
all the books which Leucius the disciple of the devil made apocryphi

Here are some notes on the Leucian Acts, which are the set of documents defined as The Acts of John, The Acts of Peter, The Acts of Paul, The Acts of Andrew, and The Acts of Thomas:
Quote:

The Shadowy Leucius Charinus

Leucius, called Leucius Charinus by the Patriarch Photios I of Constantinople in the ninth century, is the name applied to a cycle of what M. R. James termed "Apostolic romances"[1] that seem to have had wide currency long before a selection were read aloud at the Second Council of Nicaea (787) and rejected. Leucius is not among the early heretical teachers mentioned by name in Irenaeus' Adversus haereses (ca. 180), but wonder tales of miraculous Acts in some form were already in circulation in the second century.[2] None of the surviving manuscripts are as early as that.

The fullest account of Leucius is that given by Photius (Codex 114), who describes a book, called The Circuits of the Apostles, which contained the Acts of Peter, John, Andrew, Thomas, and Paul, that was purported to have been written by "Leucius Charinus" which he judged full of folly, self-contradiction, falsehood, and impiety (Wace); Photius is the only source to give his second name, "Charinus". Epiphanius (Haer. 51.427) made of Leucius a disciple of John who joined his master in opposing the Ebionites, a characterization that appears unlikely, since other patristic writers agree that the cycle attributed to him was Docetist, denying the humanity of Christ. Augustine knew the cycle, which he attributed to "Leutius", which his adversary Faustus thought had been wrongly excluded from the New Testament canon by the Catholics. Gregory of Tours found a copy of the Acts of Andrew from the cycle and made an epitome of it, omitting the "tiresome" elaborations of detail he found in it.

The "Leucian Acts" are as follows:

The Acts of John
The Acts of Peter
The Acts of Paul
The Acts of Andrew
The Acts of Thomas

The Leucian Acts were most likely redacted at a later date to express a more orthodox view. Of the five, the Acts of John and Thomas have the most remaining Gnostic content.

Notes: [1] M.R. James, introduction to the Acts of Andrew,
The Apocryphal New Testament Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1924.

[2] See Acts of Paul and Thecla.

I would like to also add that IMO the Nag Hammadi document NHC 6.1, the Hellenic burlesque entitled "The Acts of Peter and the Twelve Apostles" could have been authored by Arius of Alexandria, perhaps aka Leucius Charinus to protect his identity from the innocent. Notably, the "Songs of Arius", very popular with the common people of the day, went missing.


Best wishes,


Pete
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Old 10-20-2008, 03:57 AM   #142
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Hey Shesh,

Better yet, these detractors need to explain why, if christianity was a real hush-hush wink-wink secret society that kept underground all those long centuries without any identifiable evidence by which archaeological observers might know that they actually existed, then why would we even expect the Dura outpost to have all these grotesquely blatant and manifestly outwardly christian symbolism plastered all around their living room for anyone to openly interpret and report to the pre-Nicene state Roman christian persecutors? Perhaps we are not dealing with a case of phanero christians, but the OP cannot have it both ways. If the OP is arguing the early christians were non-descript and unassuming, why did they paint the equivalent a big pink (christian) cross in their living room?
My opinion is that the reason they were able to "get away with it" was because they were NOT "christians", but JEWS, and the Dura site was a JEWISH Messianic synagogue, Adamantly and publicly NON-christian, and thus exempt from those prohibitions against the practice of Christianity.
This also explains the old JEWISH Messianic tropes being displayed sans any explicit christian iconography.
Being JEWISH, and a recognized SECT of The JEWISH religion, gave them an advantage, and a freedom of worship that was denied to the paganistically derived "chrestian" ne "christian" cults.

"Crestian" or "christian", I accept that these Gentile, JEWISH wannabes were those -"dogs"- hovering around, and picking up scraps from under Messianic Judaism's tables.
No wonder they bred into that mongrel religion, hunting in packs, baying and acting like dogs at each others throats.
1. Please StOp ShOuTiNg. It's not nEcEsSaRy.

2. As I pointed out above, if the symbols were on living-room walls, then they weren't public.

3. Even if these people were Jewish, it does not automatically follow that they were not Christian, as I have mentioned previously.

4. Your reference to a 'recognised' sect of the Jewish religion is not clear. You have not explained what sort of recognition you think this was, or who you suppose extended it, or what the basis for this conclusion is.

5. (And most importantly) if the Dura site was used by people who were explicitly distinguishing themselves from Christians, it necessarily follows that there were Christians at that time.

6. Your personal religious prejudices are not germane.
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Old 10-20-2008, 04:00 AM   #143
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On the other hand, you have no reason to think that women visiting a tomb was a common pagan theme.
Dear spin and J-D and any others who responded like this,
None of what you have to say in this post constitutes any reason for thinking that women visiting a tomb was a common pagan theme.
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Can pagans and christians in the third century be uniquely differentiated by their tomb-visiting habits?
Not by me, certainly. But that is irrelevant to the point I was making.
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Which 3rd century christian can we use as a sample? The name of the christian please, for the control sample? And the name of the tomb he/she was seen visiting, and the date?
Since I am not attempting to make the point you suppose, the request for a 'sample' is irrelevant.
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Thankyou. Over. I thought so.


Best wishes,


Pete
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Old 10-20-2008, 04:10 AM   #144
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Default falsification versus repudiation

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Originally Posted by spin
You are asked to vote on whether you think that mountainman's theory about Tiberius inventing christianity through the efforts of Josephus has been falsified, on at least two counts by finds from Dura Europos, which was excavated in the 1930s by prominent archaeologists of the era mainly from Yale. ...
This is an illustration of the falsification of Pete's theory.

Spin had intended to write:
"...has been REFUTED by..." or, "...has been REPUDIATED by...", or "...has been proven incorrect by...", but NOT "falsified".

English may not represent "Spin's" native language, hence, his error in writing "falsification" is understandable, though, no less incorrect.

So, is this just nit-picking about English?

Hmm. MOST of this thread is similarly focused on WORDS, not on analysis of DATA. Arius' life was terminated abruptly, after a decade in hiding, because of WORDS. Many of the insults and invective hurled at Pete seem to me to represent problems with WORDS, rather than data. The fragments, even if color coded, are not persuasive. The Dura excavation is tainted. I don't dispute the improbability of Pete's hypothesis being correct, but I disagree with those, including myself, a month ago, who imagine that the EVIDENCE refutes him.
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Old 10-20-2008, 04:30 AM   #145
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Dear spin and J-D and any others who responded like this,
None of what you have to say in this post constitutes any reason for thinking that women visiting a tomb was a common pagan theme.
Dear J-D,

Are you able to state with any authority that pagan women were legally prohibited from visiting tombs in antiquity? Thank you for the citation. Examine the ancient greek Law Codes of Gortyn, Crete, and you may find that women had the equal right to own property, and visit tombs, etc. In fact, if we are to be reasonable about it, if a woman in this greek antiquity happened to own property, and that property happened to have a tomb on it, are you claiming for some reason that it would be impossible for that woman, if she were not a christian, to approach the tomb? Or impossible to have an artist in antiquity depicting such a scene?


Best wishes,


Pete
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Old 10-20-2008, 04:35 AM   #146
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Jesus is simply the Greek for the Hebrew Joshua. In Hebrew the vowels of the name are not written, so Joshua and Jeshua are indistinguishable.
Dear J-D,

However you might like to put it, although the names and/or the abbreviated names may have been the same, the historical personage of Jesus (whether 1st, 2nd, 3rd or 4th century, and whether or not fictional) and the historical personage of the person known as Joshua in the Hebrew bible (LXX) are entirely different, separated by many centuries. Or are you claiming that they are the same person being referred to, in separate epochs of time, that same person being reincarnated? Please explain.

Best wishes,


Pete
No, I am not suggesting that they were the same person. I am suggesting that they were two people who shared a name with each other (and also with many other people). If one finds a Greek text referring to Jesus and a Hebrew text referring to Joshua, they may well be referring to two different people (with the same name), but they may also be referring to the same person. More information is needed to be sure. One can't conclude reliably that they must be different people just because of the linguistic difference. In exactly the same way, if one finds a French text referring to Emperor Charles and a German text referring to Emperor Karl, one can't conclude reliably that they must be two different emperors just because of the linguistic difference. The references might be to different emperors, but they also might be to the same emperor.
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Jesus is simply the Greek for the Hebrew Joshua. In Hebrew the vowels of the name are not written, so Joshua and Jeshua are indistinguishable. In Greek there is no way to write the 'h',...
(Shh, there's a heavy breathing marker used to do the job.)

spin
I was consciously (and I think legitimately) omitting that detail. I was aware that the rough breathing marker could be used in classical Greek to symbolise an 'h' sound, but only at the beginning of words, and hence not the 'h' in Joshua or Jeshua.
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Quote:
Originally Posted by J-D
Jesus is simply the Greek for the Hebrew Joshua.
Simply? Can a Grecian frame to pronounce "SHBBOLETH"? or rather, would some few amongst them humble themselves to so speak?
There has always been a way to distinguish between and separate the goats from the sheep of the flock.
But take no heed to the sound of that wind that is even now passing over your head, for its words are not for spiritual Ephraimites;
But every Gileadite warrior born, hears and keeps that one and the same word.
Let the gainsayers come, even they who say "it makes no difference" and whom cannot discern the difference which lies between that which is profane, and between that which is sacred.
Yes, let declare their vain word, that they might also perish by the sword.
And when 139,999 of these degenerates are lain dead round about, will that last one still be so vain and foolish to open his lips to pronounce his vile "Sibboleth"?

J-D is the Hebrew "yod-he-wau-shin-ayin" really indistinguishable from "yod-shin-wau-ayin"? I suggest that you really ought to be more careful in your assertions.
They're not indistinguishable in Hebrew, but they can end up the same when translated into Greek.

And to answer your earlier question, yes, there is no 'sh' phoneme in Greek.
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Old 10-20-2008, 04:38 AM   #147
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You are asked to vote on ....
.... a number of christian frescoes. The ones I know about are the good shepherd, the two Marys going to the tomb on Sunday morning, the healing of the paralytic and Jesus and Peter walking on water. This church existed prior to the destruction of Dura Europos in 257CE.
Dear Spin,

I think it is only fair to introduce more ancient frescoes so that we may perceive how pervasive these assertions are becoming. Why dont we start with the Fresco from the Temple of Isis, Pompeii, now at the National Museum of Archaelogy in Naples. Are there any symbolic artistic indications here that were are looking at a christian fresco? Lurkers, please feel free to de-lurk.


Best wishes,


Pete
Why, what do you think?

(Please don't try the Socratic method. You're just not right for the part.)
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Old 10-20-2008, 05:30 AM   #148
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Why, what do you think? (Please don't try the Socratic method. You're just not right for the part.)
Dear J-D,

There was nothing wrong with the pagan academic academy and its know thyself inscribed on the lintern.

Best wishes,


Pete
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Old 10-20-2008, 05:57 AM   #149
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"I have seen no evidence for this"
Really?
Haven't read anything at all on how Constantine had numerous "enemies" of his so-called christian "orthodox" church exiled, killed etc?
No. I really haven't.
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Originally Posted by Sheshbazzar View Post

Just to be clear, I am very familiar with Pete's theory, and although I agree on some of the points that Pete makes, there are some which yet remain unresolved. He has said it multiple times, he is presenting us with only a theory, and its details are subject to revision when the evidence is strong enough to warrant it.
No I do NOT side with "standard history", most importantly from my perspective, is that The Sect of The Nazarenes was a distinctly Jewish sect, one that held to The Law and Jewish praxis to the very end.
They were NOT, and they NEVER WERE "Christians", not in name, not in beliefs, not in practice, and not in theology. They remained Jewish to the core.
Somewhat contemporary with them were the "chrestians" of the pagan Mystery cults, these gentiles ultimately adopted and incorporated the Paulinian antinomian theological teachings and became known as "Christians".
There was such friction and animosity between The Jewish sect of The Nazarene and these Gentile "Christians", that as the Christians gained in political power they grew in hatred against The Jewish sect of The Nazarene, conspiring to have them persecuted, and ultimately totally exterminated.
This new "Christian" replacement religion became associated with the original Nazarene stories and tropes which they had robbed from them prior to conspiring to their annihilation. The Christians took pains to burn and destroy every evidence of that crime against humanity in which they had engaged.

The Christian cultus had slowly expanded from its small Gentile beginnings, (you might well ignore that inflated crap "history" authored by Eusebius) until by its noisy squabbling it finally caught the attention of Constantine, who perceiving its political possibilities, commandeered its leaders and forced a standardization of its doctrine and theology, the rest as they say, is history, well documented and attested to.
Thus, unlike Pete, I fully expect that a small number of actual sites will be found, but if actually synagogues of the Jewish sect of The Nazarene, they will be misidentified as "proto-Christian" or "Christian" in accordance with present indoctrination into popular misconceptions.
The Nazarenes were NOT "proto-christians", "christians", or any part of "The Christian religion".
I thought you said before that you accepted that there were Christians before Constantine. I must have misunderstood you. Of course, if you deny that there were Christians before Constantine, you are disagreeing with standard accounts on that point and agreeing with Pete's utter rubbish.
There were pagan "chrEstians" , Gentile "dogs" who snatched the scraps from under the table of Messianic Jews, The Jewish sect of The Nazarenes.
It was these, that readily assumed the "name" "christian" however, these never actually joined themselves to The Jewish Sect of the Nazarenes, preferring rather to create a new Gentile dispensation, and a different "Gospel to the Gentile's" under the pseudonym of "Paul" in opposition to that Gospel which The Jewish Nazarene believers had heard, recieved, and kept, from the beginning.
The Jewish sect of The Nazarenes was first, and recieved their Gospel directly from the Source, and held it unspotted by these Gentile innovations for over twelve centuries, they were not "Christians" and never did become "Christians", They remained identifiably of Jewish religion, living peaceably and in observance of Jewish Law and custom.
Must go. more latter.
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Old 10-20-2008, 06:33 AM   #150
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You are asked to vote on whether you think that mountainman's theory about Tiberius inventing christianity through the efforts of Josephus has been falsified, on at least two counts by finds from Dura Europos, which was excavated in the 1930s by prominent archaeologists of the era mainly from Yale. ...
This is an illustration of the falsification of Pete's theory.

Spin had intended to write:
"...has been REFUTED by..." or, "...has been REPUDIATED by...", or "...has been proven incorrect by...", but NOT "falsified".

English may not represent "Spin's" native language, hence, his error in writing "falsification" is understandable, though, no less incorrect.
Falsification and falsifiability are essential terms when dealing with theories. It is funny that someone who doesn't know about such an important theoretical tool as this one championed by Karl_Popper (try starting here) should deem to try to teach a linguist about language when plainly not in a position to do so.

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So, is this just nit-picking about English?
It's not a problem of English: you seem to be able to use the language somewhat. You should talk about things you know about, rather than blundering in public as you have done. Try not to guess what someone's intentions are in the future and try to deal with the issues.

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Originally Posted by avi View Post
MOST of this thread is similarly focused on WORDS, not on analysis of DATA. Arius' life was terminated abruptly, after a decade in hiding, because of WORDS. Many of the insults and invective hurled at Pete seem to me to represent problems with WORDS, rather than data.
When you stop waxing lyrical you might come back to the topic.

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The fragments, even if color coded, are not persuasive. The Dura excavation is tainted.
In what respect is the relevant Dura excavation data here tainted? Was the diatessaron fragment not found where the excavators indicated? Were the frescoes recovered not found where they claimed them to be? Do you want to accuse the archaeologists of faking their data? What's wrong with the data we have for the task of falsifying this theory that christianity, the gospel religion, was invented by Eusebius and co as a whole, ie that Jesus and the cultus based on the crucifixion of Jesus did not exist before the time of Eusebius?

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I don't dispute the improbability of Pete's hypothesis being correct, but I disagree with those, including myself, a month ago, who imagine that the EVIDENCE refutes him.
Does the fragment from Dura not contain enough information to indicate that traces of all the gospels were present on it? that it conveys enough data about the gospel religion to show that the claim that Eusebius invented the religion has been falsified? Do the motifs found on the walls when taken in conjunction with each other and the font embody enough of the same religion also to falsify the claim?

It is quite hard to falsify the claims of the theory proposed by mountainman, given that no facts have been put forward to support them. If a theory cannot potentially be falsified it has no value. I have I think found a means to falsify it and to most people here the data that I have put forward has falsified the theory. [And next time when you want to take someone to task about something, try to know a little about the subject.]


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