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Old 06-26-2008, 01:03 PM   #21
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Someone went to college! Just kidding.
And just wrong.

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And no. Take a class on folklore, pip.
How about a class on History?
You cannot evaluate a document as historical information unless you know who wrote it and when. It also helps to know for what reason.

Authorship of the gospels is unknown, as are the dates they were created. As for reason, that would largely depend on who wrote them and when, no?

So. What's left is something that could as easily be made-up-shit as any sort of historical document.
And when compared to other historical documents, looking for events that those people would have written about, there's silence. No account of Herod slaughtering children, no account of the Dead walking through the city after Jesus' death, and so on.
Made-Up is, really, the best possible evaluation of the Gospels at the moment. But any sort of actual evidence would be more than appreciated...
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Old 06-26-2008, 01:23 PM   #22
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The first known probable quotation from its text is from Irenaeus of Lyon, ca 185, which sets a latest possible date of authorship. The earliest possible date is in the 80s AD, when Luke's gospel was probably composed, from which the author of the Infancy Gospel borrowed the story of Jesus in the temple at age twelve (see Infancy 19:1-12 and Luke 2:41-52). Scholars generally agree on a date in the mid- to late-second century AD, since there are two second century documents, the Epistula Apostolorum and Irenaeus' Adversus haereses, which refer to a story of Jesus' tutor telling him, "Say alpha," and him replying, "First tell me what beta is." It is generally agreed that there was at least some period of oral transmission of the text, either wholly or as several different stories before it was first redacted and transcribed, and it is thus entirely possible that both of these texts and the Infancy Gospel of Thomas all refer to the oral versions of this story.

[edit]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infancy_Gospel_of_Thomas

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Infancy Gospel of Thomas is a non-canonical text that was part of a popular genre, aretalogy, of the 2nd and 3rd centuries— a miracle literature of Infancy gospels that was both entertaining and inspirational, written to satisfy a hunger for more miraculous and anecdotal stories of the childhood of Jesus than the Gospel of Luke provided.


I don't remember saying anything about when the cycle began and ended, and Mark for example with its very exciting beginning with God saying this is my beloved son definitely reads like a romance!

But the fact that Mark has an exciting start and denouement, Matthew embellishes things, Luke does as well and John goes universal with the idea and there are a myriad other stories and versions and it isn't a cycle of romances?

It really does look as if different rules are being applied to similar matters - one has the significant difference that it is a cultural foundational story, of god so loving the world that he sent his son etc etc that it is very difficult to say hang on, the emperor has no clothes, although there is no problem with other characters like Arthur.
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Old 06-26-2008, 01:53 PM   #23
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Some people believe that King Arthur is so inextricably tied up in Celtic Mythology that he must, in origin, have been, not a man at all, but a god.

Like so many other characters featured in the Mabinogion, Arthur in his earliest form, appears almost entirely mythical. He and his companions have superhuman strength and abilities, and consort with giants and other mythological creatures.

In the early Welsh poem "Preiddeu Annwfn", Arthur visits the Underworld, Annwfn, and his adventures closely parallel those of the cauldron-seeking god, Bran the Blessed. Even in Geoffrey of Monmouth's "History of the Kings of Britain," and Sir Thomas Malory's "Le Morte D'Arthur," upon being fatally wounded in battle, Arthur is carried to the mystical Avalon, apparently the [ home of the Celtic god, Afallach. Many legends around the country attest to Arthur's immortality. He is said to be sleeping in one of numerous caves waiting to return and lead his people.

The name Arthur itself appears to derive from the Celtic word Art, meaning "bear". Could Arthur, like so many other Celtic gods, be merely a personification of the many reverred animals of the wild? Later to become humanized like Loucetios, one of several Celtic deities known to be able to transform themselves into birds or beasts of the forest. Many such gods had stellar associations and the constellation of Ursa Major or the Great Bear is sometimes known as Arthur's Wain even today.
http://www.britannia.com/history/arthur/kamyth.html

Is the problem more to do with the soil the story grew in? In a classic celtic gods scenario a character like Arthur can be seen to emerge.

But Jesus is from an area that has had interactions with empires for thousands of years - that changes the story telling sensibilities - it is no longer folk but maybe urban folk?

The tales are based on a most high god for example and explicitly use ideas like logos and 153 from the maths sects.
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Old 06-26-2008, 02:22 PM   #24
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Some people believe that King Arthur is so inextricably tied up in Celtic Mythology that he must, in origin, have been, not a man at all, but a god.
.........................................
Despite the later myths about Arthur, the original Arthur was probably human. A British leader and warrior against the Saxons.

However we know little to nothing about his actual career. In particular the idea that he fought at the battle of Badon (a real genuine historical important battle) is probably legendary. The historical Arthur probably was active later than Badon and further North.

(There is an interesting issue here. If the historical Arthur didn't fight at Badon is he really the historical Arthur at all ? Or is it better to say that the Arthur story is a legend incorporating various elements from history and Celtic myth including a minor 6th century Northern British warrior called Arthur ? )

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Old 06-26-2008, 02:31 PM   #25
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Why isn't Jesus treated in an equivalent manner?
IIUC, the gap between the putative time of Arthur and the earliest extant sources that mention him is about 300 years. Compare that gap to the one between the putative time of Jesus and the earliest extant sources that mention him.

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Old 06-26-2008, 02:58 PM   #26
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Why isn't Jesus treated in an equivalent manner?
IIUC, the gap between the putative time of Arthur and the earliest extant sources that mention him is about 300 years. Compare that gap to the one between the putative time of Jesus and the earliest extant sources that mention him.

Ben.
Nope

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540 Gildas writes his book recounting the twelve great battles later attributed to Arthur; Ida is king of Bernicia
http://www-personal.umich.edu/~merri...timetable.html
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Old 06-26-2008, 03:14 PM   #27
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IIUC, the gap between the putative time of Arthur and the earliest extant sources that mention him is about 300 years. Compare that gap to the one between the putative time of Jesus and the earliest extant sources that mention him.

Ben.
Nope

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540 Gildas writes his book recounting the twelve great battles later attributed to Arthur; Ida is king of Bernicia
http://www-personal.umich.edu/~merri...timetable.html
The problem is that Gildas (online here http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/gildas-full.html in an old and not particularly good translation) makes no mention of Arthur.

He does mention Badon/Bath-Hill but that is another matter. IE nobody doubts the Battle of Badon happened. The question is did Arthur fight at Badon ?

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Old 06-26-2008, 03:35 PM   #28
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Despite the later myths about Arthur, the original Arthur was probably human. A British leader and warrior against the Saxons.

However we know little to nothing about his actual career. In particular the idea that he fought at the battle of Badon (a real genuine historical important battle) is probably legendary. The historical Arthur probably was active later than Badon and further North.
In order for you to claim Arthur PROBABLY existed, you MUST show the basis for that probabilty.

Now, you claim that "little to nothing" is known of Arthur's actual career, so you really have "little or no" basis to say that Arthur PROBABLY existed.

You mean you don't know if Arthur existed, but MAYBE he did.
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Old 06-26-2008, 04:42 PM   #29
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It might be interesting to check their relative contentiousness carefully. For example, why is not the phrase "cycle of romances" used about the gospels?
Because the Gospels aren't a cycle of romances!

Do you even know what that phrase means?
M.R. James, introduction to the Acts of Andrew,
The Apocryphal New Testament Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1924.

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Leucius, called Leucius Charinus by the Patriarch Photios I of Constantinople in the ninth century, is the name applied to a cycle of what M. R. James termed "Apostolic romances"[1] that seem to have had wide currency long before a selection were read aloud at the Second Council of Nicaea (787) and rejected. Leucius is not among the early heretical teachers mentioned by name in Irenaeus' Adversus haereses (ca. 180), but wonder tales of miraculous Acts in some form were already in circulation in the second century.[2] None of the surviving manuscripts are as early as that.

The fullest account of Leucius is that given by Photius (Codex 114), who describes a book, called The Circuits of the Apostles, which contained the Acts of Peter, John, Andrew, Thomas, and Paul, that was purported to have been written by "Leucius Charinus" which he judged full of folly, self-contradiction, falsehood, and impiety (Wace); Photius is the only source to give his second name, "Charinus". Epiphanius (Haer. 51.427) made of Leucius a disciple of John who joined his master in opposing the Ebionites, a characterization that appears unlikely, since other patristic writers agree that the cycle attributed to him was Docetist, denying the humanity of Christ.


Augustine knew the cycle, which he attributed to "Leutius", which his adversary Faustus thought had been wrongly excluded from the New Testament canon by the Catholics. Gregory of Tours found a copy of the Acts of Andrew from the cycle and made an epitome of it, omitting the "tiresome" elaborations of detail he found in it.

The "Leucian Acts" are as follows:


The Acts of John
The Acts of Peter
The Acts of Paul
The Acts of Andrew
The Acts of Thomas

The Leucian Acts were most likely redacted at a later date to express a more orthodox view. Of the five, the Acts of John and Thomas have the most remaining Gnostic content.


Notes: [1] M.R. James, introduction to the Acts of Andrew,
The Apocryphal New Testament Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1924.

[2] See Acts of Paul and Thecla.

There clearly is extant a cycle of very early romances obviously acknowledged by scholarship, and accord to a traditional dating to the early centuries (via Eusebius and his non de plumes such as Tertullian) which is to be associated with the gospels.

The non canonical romances are extant in the BC&H too hard basket.

Best wishes,


Pete Brown
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Old 06-27-2008, 05:32 PM   #30
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Î’ased on my limited experience with the Arthurian legend, it's actually more contentious than the Christ legend.
It might be interesting to check their relative contentiousness carefully. For example, why is not the phrase "cycle of romances" used about the gospels?
Please define what you mean by cycle of romances - I am not sure what it is. All I could find out was that The Arthurian tails by Malory and Tennyson are considered a cycle of romances and that several series of Romantic novels are referred to as a cycle of romances. Would you say that it is a series of interrelated stories that share some of the same characters, themes, and settings.

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from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romance_%28genre%29
... the genre of romance dealt with traditional themes. Overwhelmingly, these were linked in some way, perhaps only in an opening frame story, with three thematic cycles of tales: these were assembled in imagination at a late date as the "Matter of Rome" (actually centered on the life and deeds of Alexander the Great), the "Matter of France" (Charlemagne and Roland, his principal paladin) and the "Matter of Britain" (the lives and deeds of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table, within which was incorporated the quest for the Holy Grail); medieval authors explicitly described these as comprising all romances.[1] In reality, a number of "non-cyclical" romances were written without any such connection;[2] these include such romances as King Horn,[3] Robert the Devil,[4] Emare,[5] Havelok the Dane,[6] and Roswall and Lillian,[7]
---------------------

The Gospels are cyclic romances.

In a cyclic romance, the hero leaves his home on a quest; faces some danger or difficulty and/or humiliation; overcomes the danger, difficulty or humiliation using virtues; and then returns home.

In a divine cyclic romance, the divine magically comes down from heaven; faces some danger, difficulty and/or humiliation; then uses magic and virtues to overcome the danger, difficulty or humiliation; and then magically returns to heaven.

In the gospels, the divine (god the son) magically comes down from heaven (through the incarnation); faces danger, difficulty or humiliation (a trial, execution and burial); then overcomes the danger, difficulty or humiliation using magic and virtues (by resurrection); and then magically returns to heaven (ascension).

The gospels are basically the same type of divine cyclic romance as the stories of Julius Caesar, Heracles, and probably dozens of other myths and novels well known in the Roman empire.

----------------------

the gospels are a litergical cycle of romances?

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from review By David Blakeslee of Liberating the Gospels: Reading the Bible with Jewish Eyes (or via: amazon.co.uk) by Bishop Shelly Spong

Bishop Spong "presents an intriguing but not necessarily "airtight" explanation for how the gospels came into their present form. The first half of the book spells out his theory (largely based on the scholarship of others) that the evangelists composed and sequenced their gospels to fit into a liturgical calendar that corresponded with the major Jewish festivals. At times, his evidence to support this is compelling, at other times, it seems a bit strained or at least not totally persuasive. But what I found valuable about this section of the book is that we are at least forced to confront the idea that the gospels were not written to suit the demands of biography or to answer questions that modern or postmodern readers might have about Jesus. Spong includes a chart of the book of Luke and its correspondences to the Jewish calendar that is helpful in clarifying his arguments. ...

The second half of the book is the strongest, in my opinion. In it, he looks at various aspects of the traditional story of Jesus - the birth narratives, the crucifixion, resurrection and ascension, as well as some intriguing perspectives on auxiliary characters like Joseph and Judas. Having created the opening for us to regard these accounts in a non-literal fashion, he expands on how Christians can find new, vital meaning and value in the stories without getting bogged down in mind-bending complications over how to reconcile our own experience of life and the incredible miracles and exceptional events that are described in the stories. In Spong's opinion (and mine), too much time and energy have been expended in debating the possibility or impossibility of how literally true the gospels could be. Many churches have made our willingness to accept these narratives as factual accounts the crucial factor in determining whether or not we have "God-honoring" faith."
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