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Quote:
Originally Posted by TedM
Sorry I didn't mean to ruffle your feathers. I thought your point was that the term is 'preacher-speak' and limited to folks like Paul, so we can't conclude that it means something having to do with earth. As far as I can tell, every non-Paul reference to it that IS understood (preacher-speak or not) is talking about flesh on earth, so I think it reduces the likelihood that Paul's use is something else. It could be, but isn't likely.
ted
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Here's the entry on SARX from BDAG.
Jeffrey
Quote:
sa,rx
• sa,rx, sarko,j, h` (Hom.+; ‘flesh’).
1. the material that covers the bones of a human or animal body, flesh lit. 1 Cor 15:39abcd; Hv 3, 10, 4; 3, 12, 1. The pl. (which denotes flesh in the mass [Lucian, Dial. Mort. 10, 5], whereas the sing. rather denotes the substance.—Herodas 4, 61; Gen 40:19; 1 Km 17:44; 4 Km 9:36; PsSol 4:19; TestJob 13:5; Philo; Jos., Ant. 12, 211; Just., A I, 26, 7; Mel., P. 52, 383; Ath. 34, 2) Lk 24:39 v.l.; Rv 19:18, 21 (4 [6] Esdr [POxy 1010, 16] cannibalism out of hunger, sim. Mel., P. 52, 383; Quint. Smyrn. 11, 245: the sa,rkej of the slain are food for the birds) B 10:4; metaph. Rv 17:16. It decays 1 Cl 25:3; cp. Ac 2:31 (cp. 2a below). Normally gives forth an evil odor when burned MPol 15:2. W. bones (s. ovste,on) 1 Cl 6:3 (Gen 2:23); Lk 24:39; Eph 5:30 v.l. (metaph.). Paul speaks of his illness as a sko,loy th/| sarki, (s. sko,loy) 2 Cor 12:7. h` evn sarki. peritomh, the physical circumcision (cp. Just., D. 10, 1 al.) Ro 2:28; cp. Eph 2:11b; Col 2:13 (avkrobusti,a 2); Gal 6:13 (h` sa,rx=the flesh that is circumcised); B 9:4. Metaph.: the corrosion on the precious metals of the rich fa,getai ta.j sa,rkaj u`mw/n w`j pu/r Js 5:3.—Ign. describes the elements of the Eucharist as sa.rx (or ai-ma) VIhsou/ Cristou/ IRo 7:3; IPhld 4; ISm 7:1. Also J 6:51-56 urges that one must eat the flesh (and drink the blood) of the Human One or Son of Man (Just., A I, 66, 2; s. TPhilips, Die Verheissung der hl. Eucharistie nach Joh. 1922; Bultmann ad loc.; AWikenhauser ’48, 105f).—His anti-Docetic position also leads Ign. to use the concept ‘flesh (and blood) of Christ’ in other contexts as well ITr 8:1; IPhld 5:1.—For Mt 16:17; Gal 1:16; Eph 6:12; and 1 Cor 15:50 s. 3a.
2.the physical body as functioning entity, body, physical body
a. as substance and living entity (Aeschyl., Sept. 622: opp. nou/j; Ex 30:32; 4 Km 6:30; TestAbr A 20 p. 103, 6 [Stone p. 54] pa,nta ta. me,lh th/j sarko,j mou; w. kardi,a or yuch, Alex. Aphr., An. p. 98, 7-10 Br.; Ps 37:8; 62:2; Eccl 2:3; Ezk 11:19; 44:7 a1.; Jos., Bell. 6, 47, Ant. 19, 325; Ar.15, 7) ou;te h` sa.rx auvtou/ ei=den diafqora,n Ac 2:31 (but s. 1). W. yuch, 1 Cl 49:6 (Tat. 13:2 al.). W. kardi,a Ac 2:26 (Ps 15:9).—Eph 5:29. e`o,rakan to. pro,swpo,n mou evn sarki, they have seen me face to face Col 2:1. e[wj a'n to.n cristo.n evn sarki. i;dh| before he had seen the Messiah in person GJs 24:4 (cp. Lk 2:26). Opp. pneu/ma (Ath. 31:3; PGM 5, 460 evpikalou/mai, se to.n kti,santa pa/san sa,rka k. pa/n pneu/ma) 1 Cor 5:5; 2 Cor 7:1; Col 2:5; 1 Pt 4:6; Hm 3:1; 10, 2, 6; cp. AcPl Ant 13:17 (=Aa, I 237, 2; s. oi=da); also in relation to Christ (though this is disputed) J 6:63; Hs 5, 6, 5-7; cp. 1 Ti 3:16.—avsqe,neia th/j sarko,j bodily ailment Gal 4:13; s. vs. 14. avsqenh.j th/| sarki, weak in the body Hs 9, 1, 2. o` avlgw/n sa,rka the one who is ill in body B 8:6. pa,scein sarki, 1 Pt 4:1b. Cp. 2 Cor 7:5. h` th/j sarko.j kaqaro,thj the purity of the body Hb 9:13 (opp. kaqari,zein th.n sunei,dhsin vs. 14). sarko.j avpo,qesij r`u,pou 1 Pt 3:21 (s. r`u,poj 1). The sa,rx is raised fr. the dead (s. ParJer 6:9; Theoph. Ant. 1, 7 [74, 2]) 1 Cl 26:3; 2 Cl 9:1. avna,stasij sarko,j AcPlCor 1:12; 2:24 (sarko.j avna,stasin Just., D. 80, 5); cp. avnasth,sesqe e;contej u`gih/ th.n sa,rka AcPlCor 2:32. Of the body of Christ during his earthly ministry Eph 2:14 (JHart, The Enmity in His Flesh: Exp. 6th ser., 3, 1901, 135-41); Hb 10:20; 1 Pt 3:18; 4:1a; 1J 4:2; 2J 7; B 5:1, 10f; 6:7, 9; 7:5; 12:10; IEph 7:2; Pol 7:1; AcPlCor 2:6b. Married couples form mi,a sa,rx (Gen 2:24; s. Ath. 33, 2 th.n sa,rka pro.j sa,rka … koinwni,an.—GAicher, Mann u. Weib ein Fleisch: BZ 5, 1907, 159-65) Mt 19:5f; Mk 10:8ab; 1 Cor 6:16; Eph 5:31 (on these passages, TBurkill, ZNW 62, ’71, 115-20). dikaiw,mata sarko,j behind ‘all sorts of ceremonial washings’ there are regulations that concern the physical body Hb 9:10.—On u`pota,ghte tw/| evpisko,pw| w`j o` Cristo.j tw/| patri. kata. sa,rka IMg 13:2 s. Hdb. ad loc. and MRackl, Die Christologie des hl. Ignatius v. Ant. 1914, 228.—pneu/ma duna,mewj … o` qeo.j … kate,pemyen eivj sa,rka toute,stin eivj th.n Mari,an God sent a powerful spirit (prob. a ref. to the kind of divine breath that brought the first human being to life [Gen 2:7]) into flesh, that is, into Mary AcPl Ha 8, 26=BMM recto 34; s. AcPlCor 1:14.
b. as someth. with physical limitations, life here on earth (ApcEsdr 4:4 p. 28, 3 Tdf. sa,rka avnqrwpi,nhn forw/) qli/yin th/| sarki. e[xousin 1 Cor 7:28. Cp. 2 Cor 4:11; Col 1:24. Of Christ to. sw/ma th/j sarko.j auvtou/ his body with its physical limitations Col 1:22; cp. 2:11 and s. ca below (cp. En 102:5 to. sw/ma th/j sarko.j u`mw/n; 1QpHab 9:2; Orig., C. Cels. 6, 29, 25).—Of human life: avpodhmei/n th/j sarko,j MPol 2:2 (s. avpodhme,w). evpime,nein evn th/| sarki, Phil 1:24. zh/n evn sarki, vs. 22; Gal 2:20. evn s. peripatei/n 2 Cor 10:3a. evn s. tugca,nein Dg 5:8a. o;ntoj e;ti evn s. sou AcPlCor 1:6. to.n evpi,loipon evn s. cro,non 1 Pt 4:2. h` evpidhmi,a th/j sarko.j tau,thj our sojourn in life 2 Cl 5:5. evn th/| sarki, in our earthly life 8:2.
c. as instrument of various actions or expressions.
a. In Paul’s thought esp., all parts of the body constitute a totality known as s. or flesh, which is dominated by sin to such a degree that wherever flesh is, all forms of sin are likew. present, and no good thing can live in the sa,rx Ro 7:18 (cp. Philo, Gig. 29 ai;tion de. th/j avnepisthmosu,nhj me,giston h` sa.rx kai. h` pro.j sa,rka oivkei,wsij; Sextus 317 avgaqo.n evn sarki. mh. evpizh,tei. The OT lays no stress on a necessary relationship betw. flesh as a substance, and sin. But for Epicurus the sa,rx is the bearer of sinful feelings and desires as well as the means of sensual enjoyment: Ep. in Plut., Mor. 135c; 1087bf; 1089e; 1096c ai` th/j sarko.j evpiqumi,ai. Also Diog. L. 10, 145. Likew. Plut. himself: Mor. 101b tai/j th/j sarko.j h`donai/j; 672e; 688d; 734a; Ps.-Plut., Mor. 107f sarki. kai. toi/j pa,qesi tau,thj; Maximus Tyr. 33, 7a. Cp. 4 Macc 7:18 ta. th/j sarko.j pa,qh; Philo, Deus Imm. 143 sarko.j h`donh,, Gig. 29; TestJud 19:4; TestZeb 9:7; ApcMos 25 [p. 14, 2 Tdf.] eivj th.n a`marti,an th/j sarko,j); Ro 6:19; 7:25 (opp. nou/j); 8:3a, 4-9 (cp. Persius 2, 63 scelerata pulpa, which contaminates devotion to deity), 12f; Gal 5:13, 24; Col 2:23; Jd 23; AcPlCor 2:11, 15; Dg 6:5 (opp. yuch,, as Plut., Mor. 101b). Opp. to. pneu/ma Ro 8:4, 5, 6, 9, 13; Gal 3:3; 5:16, 17ab; 6:8ab; J 3:6; B 10:9. to. me.n pneu/ma pro,qumon, h` de. sa.rx avsqenh,j (cp. Orig., C. Cels. 2, 25, 8) Mt 26:41; Mk 14:38; Pol 7:2. sa.rx a`marti,aj sinful flesh Ro 8:3b. evpiqumi,a $th/j% sarko,j (cp. Maximus Tyr. 20, 9f sarkw/n … evpiqumi,aj) Gal 5:16; 1J 2:16; B 10:9. Pl. Eph 2:3a, cp. b; 2 Pt 2:18; cp. Ro 13:14. ta. e;rga th/j sarko,j Gal 5:19 (s. Vögtle at pleonexi,a). ta. qelh,mata th/j sarko,j Eph 2:3b. o` nou/j th/j sarko,j Col 2:18. to. sw/ma th/j sarko,j the body of (sinful) flesh 2:11; cp. 1:22 and s. b above (cp. Sir 23:17 sw/ma sarko.j auvtou/; En 102:5 tw/| sw,mati th/j sarko.j u`mw/n). ta. th/j sarko,j what pertains to (sinful) flesh Ro 8:5b. evn $th/|% sarki. ei=nai be in an unregenerate (and sinful) state Ro 7:5; 8:8f. ta. e;qnh evn sarki, Eph 2:11a. kata. sa,rka ei=nai Ro 8:5a; zh/n vs. 12b; 13; Dg 5:8b; peripatei/n Ro 8:4; 2 Cor 10:2; bouleu,esqai 1:17; strateu,esqai 10:3b; cp. IRo 8:3 (opp. kata. gnw,mhn qeou/).
b. source of the sexual urge. The sa,rx is the source of the sexual urge, without any suggestion of sinfulness connected w. it evk qelh,matoj sarko.j evgennh,qhsan J 1:13.
d. as someth. attractive 2 Pt 2:10 (a Hebraism, cp. Judg 2:12; 3 Km 11:10; Sir 46:10). S. also 3b.
3. one who is or becomes a physical being, living being with flesh
a. of humans person, human being: pa/sa sa,rx every person, everyone (LXX; TestAbr B 7 p. 112, 3 [Stone p. 72]; GrBar 4:10; ApcEsdr 7:7; ApcMos 13 [p. 7, 1 Tdf.]; Mel., P. 55, 400: for rf'B'ÄlK'; s. pa/j 1aa) Lk 3:6 (Is 40:5); J 17:2; Ac 2:17 (Jo 3:1); 1 Pt 1:24 (Is 40:6); 1 Cl 59:3; 64; 2 Cl 7:6; 17:5 (the last two Is 66:24); AcPlCor 2:6a. ouv pa/sa sa,rx no person, nobody (En 14:21 end.—W-S. §26, 10a; B-D-F §275, 4; 302, 1; Rob. 752) Mt 24:22; Mk 13:20; Ro 3:20 (cp. Ps 142:2 pa/j zw/n); 1 Cor 1:29 (mh,); Gal 2:16.—Though s. in the foll. passages refers to body in its physical aspect, it cannot be divorced from its conjunction with ai-ma, and the unit sa.rx kai. ai-ma (cp. Sir 17:31; TestAbr B 13 p. 117, 26 [Stone p. 82]; Philo, Quis Div. Rer. Her. 57; Just., D. 135, 6) refers to a human being in contrast to God and other transcendent beings Mt 16:17; Gal 1:16; Eph 6:12 (here vice versa, ai-. kai. s.). ta. paidi,a kekoinw,nhken ai[matoj kai. sarko,j the children share mortal nature Hb 2:14, but with suggestion of its frailty, as indicated by the context with its ref. to death. Because they are the opposites of the divine nature sa.rx kai. ai-ma basilei,an qeou/ klhronomh/sai ouv du,natai 1 Cor 15:50 (JJeremias, NTS 2, ’56, 151-59). For Jd 7 s. b next. Cp. AcPl Ant 13, 17 (=Aa I 237, 2) sarki, personally (s. oi=da 2).
b. of transcendent entities o` lo,goj sa.rx evge,neto J 1:14 (RSeeberg, Festgabe AvHarnack dargebracht 1921, 263-81.—Artem. 2, 35 p. 132, 27 eva.n sa,rkinoi oi` qeoi. fai,nwntai; Synes., Dio 6 p. 45b).—Of flesh other than human: ovpi,sw sarko.j e`te,raj after another kind of flesh (cp. Judg 2:12 ovpi,sw qew/n e`te,rwn) i.e. of divine messengers who take on s. when they appear to humans (so Windisch et al.; difft. Frame et al. of same-sex activity) Jd 7.
4. human/ancestral connection, human/mortal nature, earthly descent (Did., Gen. 144, 25) VAbraa.m to.n propa,tora h`mw/n kata. sa,rka Ro 4:1 (Just., D. 43, 7 al.). oi` suggenei/j mou kata. sa,rka 9:3. tou.j th/j sarko.j h`mw/n pate,raj Hb 12:9. to.n VIsrah.l kata. sa,rka the earthly Israel 1 Cor 10:18 (opp. to.n VIsrah.l tou/ qeou/ Gal 6:16). Of natural descent ta. te,kna th/j sarko,j children by natural descent Ro 9:8 (opp. ta. te,kna th/j evpaggeli,aj). o` me.n evk th/j paidi,skhj kata. sa,rka gege,nnhtai Gal 4:23; cp. vs. 29. mou th.n sa,rka my compatriots Ro 11:14 (s. Gen 37:27).—Of Christ’s physical nature Ro 8:3c; Hb 5:7. Christ is descended fr. the patriarchs and fr. David $to.% kata. sa,rka according to the human side of his nature, as far as his physical descent is concerned Ro 1:3 (JDunn, Jesus: Flesh and Spirit [Ro 1:3f], JTS 24, ’73, 40-68); 9:5; 1 Cl 32:2; IEph 20:2. The context of 2 Cor 11:18 includes ancestry as a reason for boasting, but s. in this pass. applies as well to other aspects of Paul’s career and therefore belongs more properly in 5.
5. the outward side of life as determined by normal perspectives or standards, a transf. sense of 1 and 2. Usually w. kata, indicating norm or standard sofoi. kata. sa,rka wise (people) according to human standards 1 Cor 1:26. kauca/sqai kata. $th.n% sa,rka boast of one’s outward circumstances, i.e. descent, manner of life, etc. (cp. 11:22) 2 Cor 11:18. kata. sa,rka Cristo,n Christ (the Messiah) from a human point of view or as far as externals are concerned 5:16b, cp. a (kata, B5bb and 7a; also VWeber, BZ 2, 1904, 178-88; HWindisch, exc. ad loc.; Rtzst., Mysterienrel.(3), 374-76; FPorter, Does Paul Claim to Have Known the Historical Jesus [2 Cor 5:16]?: JBL 47, 1928, 257-75; RMoxon, CQR 108, 1929, 320-28). oi` kata. sa,rka ku,rioi those who, according to human standards, are masters Eph 6:5; Col 3:22. u`mei/j kata. th.n s. kri,nete you judge by outward things, by externals J 8:15. Of the route taken in one’s earthly life h` o`do.j h` kata. sa,rka IRo 9:3.—evn sarki. pepoiqe,nai place one’s trust in earthly things or physical advantages Phil 3:3f. euvproswph/sai evn sarki, Gal 6:12. Onesimus is a beloved brother to Philemon kai. evn sarki. kai. evn kuri,w| both as a human being (=personally, in the external relationship betw. master and slave) and as a Christian Phlm 16. u`mw/n de. evn sarki. evpisko,pw| IEph 1:3 (cp. IMg 3:2).—HWindisch, Taufe u. Sünde 1908; EBurton, ICC Gal. 1920, 492-95; WSchauf, Sarx 1924; WBieder, Auferstehung des Fleisches od. des Leibes?: TZ 1, ’45, 105-20. W. special ref. to Paul: Ltzm., Hdb. exc. on Ro 7:14 and 8:11; Lohmeyer (a`marti,a 3a); EKäsemann, Leib u. Leib Christi ’33; RGrant, ATR 22, ’40, 199-203; RBultmann, Theologie des NTs ’48, 228-49 (Engl. tr. by KGrobel, ’51 I, 227-59); LMarshall, Challenge of NT Ethics ’47, 267-70; E Schweizer, Die hellenist. Komponente im NT sarx-Begriff: ZNW 48, ’57, 237-53; two in KStendahl, The Scrolls and the NT, ’57: KKuhn, 94-113 and WDavies, 157-82; JPryke, ‘Spirit’ and ‘Flesh’ in Qumran and NT: RevQ 5, ’65, 346-60; DLys, La chair dans l’AT ’67; ASand, D. Begriff ‘Fleisch’ ’67 (Paul); RJewett, Paul’s Anthropological Terms ’71, 49-166. On Ign.: CRichardson, The Christianity of Ign. of Ant. ’35, esp. 49 and 61. S. also the lit. s.v. pneu/ma, end.—B. 202. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv.
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