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Old 09-04-2007, 05:30 AM   #161
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Of course. Although he was apparently on friendly terms with some church officials, he delayed publication of his work until just before his death.
And it's just as simple as that? There was a delay and so it must have been fear of the church. I'd agree that that's one interpretation of the event but hardly the only or best supported one.

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You can see what happened to Galileo when one was not quite so careful with ideas that seemed to contradict church doctrine. (And please don't start down the road to tell me that Galileo was not threatened with harm by the church.)
I can see what happens when issues are reduced to fit a frame. A publication delay must be because of a fear of the church. The condemnation of one man was purely a matter of contradicting church doctrine. Issues of politics and natural philosophy get swept aside so that a simplified view of a very complicated time and institution can be constructed.
What is so complicated about the subject? Copernicus, despite his carefully cultivated relationships with powerful church officials, did not publish his work until the end of his life, reportedly only receiving the first published copy on the day of his death.

Galileo, apparently lacking such powerful friendships (he had an abbott on his side, as compared to Copernicus' archbishop friend) and tact, published works based on the same theory, backed up by his scientific observations, and got put on trial for heresy. By recanting, he got spared the death sentence but still had to endure house arrest for the rest of his life.

Do you think Copernicus would have fared better if he had acted as Galileo?

Perhaps he was not afraid of persecution by the church -- in which case, IMO, he would have been a fool.

Ray
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Old 09-04-2007, 05:32 AM   #162
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"Quid ergo vanius, quam ut illas constellationes intuens mathematicus, ad eumdem horoscopum, ad eamdem lunam, diceret unum eorum a matre dilectum, alterum non dilectum?...

which clarifies clearly that astrologers are in mind; and then the real source, I suspect, although the translation is clearly very, very misleading:

"Quapropter bono christiano, sive mathematici, sive quilibet impie divinantium, maxime dicentes vera, cavendi sunt, ne consortio daemoniorum animam deceptam, pacto quodam societatis irretiant."

"For which reason both astrologers and those impiously (of divinings?), saying mostly true things (?), must be avoided, lest after making a pact of agreement they entangle their soul in a hidden partnership with demons."

(I'm in a rush, someone else help)

All the best,

Roger Pearse
In just as much of a rush but

"For which reasons whether they be mathematicians ,whether they be those who make impious predictions,should be avoided by good Christians lest they....."
There does seem to be a quite deliberate act of equating mathematicians and astrologers here in my opinion the "sive ...sive..." can only really be read as that
Thanks -- I forgot the bono Christiano (by a good Christian). How are you reading divinantium.

NB 'mathematici' = astrologers, not mathematicians, tho, as the preceding quote shows.

So he is attacking astrologers and diviners here.

Roger Pearse
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Old 09-04-2007, 05:36 AM   #163
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You guys aren't of the "the RCC did little if any wrong" school, are you?
Come, sir, Ad hominem!

I don't think any of us are RC's. What I think everyone who has been online awhile wearies of is the endless repetition of the same old slanders, clearly fabricated by people with little education, which serve to prevent anyone actually getting at the facts about the subject.

So I know some fairly racy anecdotes about Pope Alexander VI, but at least I know where they come from (John Burchard), and on what they are based (eyewitness testimony).

Whatever our religious views, don't we all want *facts*?

All the best,

Roger Pearse
It's not an ad hominem. Many of my RC friends and acquaintances have precisely this approach, and defend "the church" at each and every wrong, real or alleged, no matter how ancient.

If that's the case, I'll bow out of the discussion.

Ray
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Old 09-04-2007, 05:36 AM   #164
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In just as much of a rush but

"For which reasons whether they be mathematicians ,whether they be those who make impious predictions,should be avoided by good Christians lest they....."
There does seem to be a quite deliberate act of equating mathematicians and astrologers here in my opinion the "sive ...sive..." can only really be read as that
Thanks -- I forgot the bono Christiano (by a good Christian). How are you reading divinantium.

NB 'mathematici' = astrologers, not mathematicians, tho, as the preceding quote shows.

So he is attacking astrologers and diviners here.

Roger Pearse

Told you I was in a rush
Divinatium = divination I suppose
It is after all a perfectly good English word
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Old 09-04-2007, 05:37 AM   #165
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Come, sir, Ad hominem!

I don't think any of us are RC's. What I think everyone who has been online awhile wearies of is the endless repetition of the same old slanders, clearly fabricated by people with little education, which serve to prevent anyone actually getting at the facts about the subject.

So I know some fairly racy anecdotes about Pope Alexander VI, but at least I know where they come from (John Burchard), and on what they are based (eyewitness testimony).

Whatever our religious views, don't we all want *facts*?

All the best,

Roger Pearse
It's not an ad hominem. Many of my RC friends and acquaintances have precisely this approach, and defend "the church" at each and every wrong, real or alleged, no matter how ancient.
Um, as far as I know an 'ad hominem' is where someone alleges "you only say that because you are a ..." (RC in this case); so in fact this *is* an ad hominem, classically so.

All the best,

Roger Pearse
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Old 09-04-2007, 05:42 AM   #166
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Yes, you're right.

What I should have asked is whether the other posters were Catholic apologists, since with them I don't expect to find any common ground for discussion.

Ray
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Old 09-04-2007, 05:49 AM   #167
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How are you reading divinantium.
Divinatium = divination I suppose
Looks to me like genitive plural of divinans, the present participle of divino, so perhaps 'divinings'. But I don't have any of my books here, and perhaps there is a late usage here. Anyone?

All the best,

Roger Pearse
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Old 09-04-2007, 05:54 AM   #168
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Antipope: To pretend that Boniface XIII's De Sepultris was interpreted at a ban on human dissection is a blatant lie - one popularised by Andrew Dickson White in 1898 and still, 109 years of proper scholarship on Medieval anatomical studies later, current as though it were true.
As far as I can tell without jumping into Catholic apologist sites, it was interpreted as exactly that. For example, see the notes here
Your first piece of evidence is Andrew Dickson White's piece of 1898 polemic. That's the very work that propogated this nonsense about De Sepultris in the first place, as I note above. So you don't want to use Catholic apologist sites (fair enough), but you're happy to use a Nineteenth Century zealot who cites no sources to back his claims and give no evidence to support them? He just says that De Sepultris was interpreted that way and you believe him because you want to. That's not evidence.


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and here
Your second attempt at proof is a generalist book (though thankfully one published in the last 100 years this time) that also gives no evidence of De Sepultris being interpreted in this way, the author just says it was. Then he quotes a book from 1668 that also says it was. And that's by Joseph Glanvill - a Seventeenth Century English Protestant clergyman who, apart from being highly eccentric in other ways, was a rabid anti-Catholic and critic of scholasticism. We're meant to take him seriously as an accurate source of information?

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or here.
That, at least, is a recent book that can he taken seriously. But you seem to have ignored the paragraphs that come before the mention of De Sepultris :

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The first signs of what was to become the distinguishing feature of Western Christian medicine - its strong interest in the study of anatomy, and its practice of dissection in this connection - are traceable to Twelfth Century Salerno .... It was only in the Thirteenth Century , however, in north western Italy that the study of anatomy based on human dissection was established as a permanent element in western medical culture .... Over the course of the Fourteenth Century this study spread to other Italian universities and medical corporations (primarilly colleges of physicians and surgeons) including those in Perugia, Florence, Padua and Venice, as well as to the University of Montpellier in southern France.
Did you even read that page? It's talking about how dissection was part of the study of anatomy revived in the Middle Ages. All you seem to have noticed is the one line that says that Boniface's bull "had a chilling effect on the spread of dissection in northern Europe" but (i) that's in the context of the revival of dissection in southern Europe after centuries of neglect and (ii) it actually gives no evidence that Boniface's edict was the reason the practice of dissection didn't catch on in northern Europe until later.

So as an attempt to show that the Church stifled anatomy by restricting dissection, your posting of those links failed pretty badly. The first two are plain nonsense and the last one argues precisely the opposite (remember that those universities it mentions were overseen by the Church and made up of churchmen).

Sixteen years after De Sepultris Mondino dei Luzzi wrote his manual on human dissection, Anatomica, which was to be the standard text on the subject for the next two hundred years. It was based on his extensive study of dissected human corpses. Not long after Boniface's bull Guy de Chauliac made attendance at dissections obligatory for all students of medicine at the medical school of Montpellier, and this was while the papacy was resident in Avignon, just down the road.

Yet you're trying to use the links above to argue the Church restricted dissection?!

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Apparently the whole text itself can be interpreted differently, and perhaps was intended to be be interpreted differently. But its effect on scientific practice seems pretty clear, and was still in effect in the time of Vesalius.
Sorry, but this is crap. Even one of your own links says it's crap.

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You guys aren't of the "the RCC did little if any wrong" school, are you?
I can't speak for anyone else on this thread, but I'm an atheist with no love of the Catholic Church or any religion. But I have a great regard for history. I don't like it when Christians try to warp history to fit their agendas and I have no more love for atheists who do the same. There are plenty real things for which to beat Christianity without having to make crap up.
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Old 09-04-2007, 06:05 AM   #169
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What is so complicated about the subject? Copernicus, despite his carefully cultivated relationships with powerful church officials, did not publish his work until the end of his life, reportedly only receiving the first published copy on the day of his death.
And you imagine this is simply because he was afraid of the church? Could you provide some support for that? The events of a century later are not support.

An example of a (from what I've read) fairly conventional veiw of the matter from Wikipedia...

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...historians of science David Lindberg and Ronald Numbers have written:

If Copernicus had any genuine fear of publication, it was the reaction of scientists, not clerics, that worried him. Other churchmen before him — Nicole Oresme (a French bishop) in the fourteenth century and Nicolaus Cusanus (a German cardinal) in the fifteenth — had freely discussed the possible motion of the earth, and there was no reason to suppose that the reappearance of this idea in the sixteenth century would cause a religious stir.[4]


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Galileo, apparently lacking such powerful friendships (he had an abbott on his side, as compared to Copernicus' archbishop friend) and tact, published works based on the same theory, backed up by his scientific observations, and got put on trial for heresy. By recanting, he got spared the death sentence but still had to endure house arrest for the rest of his life.

Do you think Copernicus would have fared better if he had acted as Galileo?
Yes. Copernicus was writing a century earlier and the church was a different political beast. He also wasn't burdened by the lack of tact that Galileo was. Galileo did have permission to publish afterall. If the issue was simply heliocentrism he shouldn't have had that to begin with. Certainly he was treading on thin ice but it wasn't his theory that tipped the balance.


BTW, I'm not RC either.
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Old 09-04-2007, 06:10 AM   #170
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James, let me get this straight: you are claiming that the church(es) never opposed medical progress, and even helped promote it throughout their long reign over the western world?

If so, why did the world have to wait until the church's power wained before medicine improved?

You are berating me for not doing primary historical research, but surely you have to know that the RCC forbade any dissection on human corpses whatsoever, upon pain of excommunication (and sometimes worse)? This held back medical progress for centuries.

Ray
I think James' point or strategy is to take every believer's good idea and label it "Idea from the Church". Two basic problems with this approach:
  • In those times anyone who valued their life would never dream of not belonging to the Church.
  • Even today there are countless believers who contribute with science (contribution in terms of secular ideas from secular, not religious, sources).

The better method would be (1) to determine what was the church's official position on the ideas, (2) the church's acts towards people with unorthodox ideas (the kind of ideas that actually create epsitemologic progress, that make science work), and (3) some sort of SWOT (albeit anachronic version) or pro-con analysis of the church's role in promoting and stopping scientific progress.
Ok, even though my idea was disregarded by the OPer, I'm going ahead with it anyway.

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STRENGTHS
  • The University.
  • Scholastic debates.

WEAKNESSES
  • Medicine didn't advance further than leechcraft and Hypocrates.
  • Greater authority given to past philosophy superstars than empeiria.
  • Supreme authority: unempirical book with important counterfactual assertions.

POSSIBLE STRENGTHS
  • One god and one natural law, therefore the "laws" of the universe are universal.

POSSIBLE WEAKNESSES
  • Severe penalties for unorthodox ideas.
Criticisms and/or further additions to the list, folks?
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