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Old 11-02-2007, 01:22 AM   #141
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Andrew,

Thank you for these very useful comments. I wouldn't have picked up on Tatana or Arphosh, but both sound entirely feasible.

Your comments about the collection seem just to me. We have clear evidence of late apocryphal stories being used as a source for the Alexander material, for instance. Why not for Zoroaster? The general tendency of oriental literature to turn into story-telling is commented on by Alphonse Mingana -- an oriental, remember -- in the intro to a book of his on archive.org.

I'm going up to Cambridge today to photocopy things, and I will look at Brock's papers on the Syriac collection of Testimonia. I still would like to get a better handle on the Arabic witnesses, but it's time to go to the Syriac that lies behind the Arabic versions and see what can be found. I will look at Theodore bar Koni's book -- I suspect it must be in book 11, and I can skim that.

All the best,

Roger Pearse
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Old 11-02-2007, 01:23 AM   #142
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I still want to get the remainder of Ms. Mingana 142 translated, but I'll give my translator a break for a week or so!
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Old 11-09-2007, 08:00 AM   #143
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Here is the German for Graf's entry on this type of literature -- I'll post a translation in a bit.

(It is littered with unicode characters to handle underscores and overscores and dots in odd places, incidentally).

145. Messianische Zeugnisse heidnischer Philosophen.

Die apologetische Literatur des christlichen Orients hat sich das fragwürdige Beweismittel, aus gefälschten Aussprüchen antiker heidnischer Autoren und aus erfundenen Orakelsprüchen die Göttlichkeit des Christentums und die Wahrheit seiner Lehre zu erhärten, wie es in einem fast unübersehbaren Ausmasse von griechischen und abendländischen Apologeten angewandt wurde 1, ebenfalls nicht entgehen lassen. Sammlungen solcher Zeugnisse von verschiedenem Umfang und mit wechselndem Text sind auch in arabischer Sprache in theologische Werke aufgenommen, wo sie gleichberechtigt neben Schrift-und Väterzitaten ihren Platz haben, oder erscheinen in den Hss separat. Als Vorbilder konnten griechische Kirchenschriftsteller gelten wie Cyrillus von Alexandrien 2, Didymus 3 und Theodot von Ancyra 4 u. a. Hier wie dort sind es Weissagungen von der göttlichen Dreifaltigkeit, der Menschwerdung des Wortes, der jungfräulichen Geburt Jesu, dem Magierstern, dem Kindermord, der Gottheit Jesu, seiner Wundermacht und seinem Leiden, die letzten Endes auf

1 Ueber den Bestand solcher Weissagungen orientiert gut A. Delatte, Le déclin de la Legende des VII Sages et les prophéties theosophiques, in Le Musée belge 27 (1923) 97-111. Ohne Bezugnahme auf diese Publikation wird die Ueberlieferung wichtiger Texte dargestellt und ihr gegenseitiges Verhältnis zueinander untersucht von A. von Premerstein, Griechisch-heidnische Weissagungen über christliche Lehre in Handschriften und Kirchenmalereien, in Festschrift der Nationalbibliothek in Wien, 1926, S. 647-666. Eine aufschlussreiche Studie über Ursprung und Charakter der für die christliche Apologetik geschaffenen und angewandten Orakel liefert Eduard Bratke in seinem Buch Das sogenannte Religionsgespräch am Hof der Sasaniden [T. u. U. N. F. 4, 3 a], Leipzig 1899, S. 129-139.

2 Contra Julianum lib. I, P. gr. 76, 549 sqq.

3 De Trinitate lib. II, c. 27, P. gr. 39, 753 sqq.

4 In s. Deiparam et in nativitatem Domini, P. gr. 77, 1430 sqq.

484 Dritter Abschnitt

tendenziöse Interpretation echter und unterschobener Werke und Biographien und auf Erweiterungen heidnischer Offenbarungsbücher (wie der sibyllinischen Schriften) zurückgehen.

Jedoch schöpfen die arabisch schreibenden Autoren natürlich nicht aus erster Quelle. Ihre Texte stehen am Ende einer vorerst nicht im einzelnen erkennbaren Entwicklungslinie, die bei den einen, viel gewunden und verzweigt, von den Griechen herkommt, bei den anderen über syrische und koptische Bearbeitungen verläuft. Denn schon eine vorläufige, noch nicht endgültige Untersuchung des arabischen Materials und seine Vergleichung mit den zugänglichen bekannten griechischen Texten 1 ergibt, dass verhältnismässig wenige Zitate eine inhaltliche, geschweige denn eine wörtliche Entsprechung in diesen haben, und dass -- rein äusserlich gesehen -- die Zahl der ans dem vorchristlichen Altertum aufgerufenen Zeugen eine grössere ist. Letztere Erscheinung findet darin ihre Erklärung, dass durch Entstellung und Verderbnis griechischer (und nichtgriechischer) Namen ihre Zahl vermehrt wurde und auch Namensformen überliefert werden, die nicht leicht auf ihren Ursprung zurückgeführt werden können.

Angebliche Weissagungen vorchristlicher Autoren sind in den theologischen Werken folgender, arabisch schreibender Autoren 2 verwertet: bei den Melchiten ‘Abdallāh ibn al-Faḍl (11. Jh.) im 32. Kapitel seiner Anthologie "Das grosse Buch des Nutzens" (öfters auch separat), und der einer unbestimmten, aber doch jüngerer Zeit angehörende Gerasimus, Oberer des Simeonsklosters bei Antiochien, in seiner fünfteiligen Apologie der christlichen Lehre (= G) 3; bei den Nestorianern die Verfasser von 2 (3) theologischen Enzyklopädien, die bei verschiedener Anlage (im Originale) den gleichen Titel "Turmbuch" führen, nämlich Mārī ibn Sulaimān (= M; 12. Jh.) 4

1 Die wichtigsten Veröffentlichungen sind: Ang. Mai, Oracula Sibyllina, Mailand 1817. K. Buresch, Klaros. Untersuchungen zum Orakelwesen. . . das Anecdoton Xrhsmoi\ tw~n E(llhnikw~n qew~n enthaltend, Leipzig 1889. J. Freudenthal in Rhein. Museum 35 (1880) 416 f., nur mit Incip. der xrhsmoi/. J. B.Pitra, Analecta sacra et classica V, 2 (1888) 305-308, nachgedruckt in P. gr. 97, 722-725. Pierre Batiffol, Oracula Hellenica, in Revue biblique N. S. 13 (1916) 177-199. A. Delatte a. a. O., S. 107-111; ders.; Anecdota Atheniensia I (1927) 328-332.

2 Näheres über sie im II. Teil.

3 Benützt wurde die Hs Bairut 548 (16. Jh.), S. 243-271; dieser Abschnitt ist auch separat in mehreren Hss überliefert.

4 Nach Vat. ar. 108 (13. Jh.), ff. 53 r-54 r.

Patristische Literatur 485

und ‘Amr ibn Mattā (14. Jh.) 1, dazu der Plagiator Ṣalībā ibn Yūhannā; bei den Jakobiten eine anonyme Erklärung des nizänischen Symbolum, Vat. ar. 148 (Ende des 16. Jh.), ff. 38v-40r (= J); bei den Kopten als frühester Benutzer der behandelten Literaturgattung der Bischof Severus ibn al-Muqaffa‘ von al-Ašmūnain (10. Jh.) in seinem polemisch eingestellten "Buch der Konzilien" (= S) 2 und Yūhannā ibn Ṣabbā‘ (14. Jh.) in einem theologisch-praktischen Handbuch ( = JS) 3; die von letzterem angeführten Zeugnisse sind Entlehnungen, z. Tl. aus S, z. Tl. aus M.

Gesonderte Zusammenstellungen liegen in folgenden Hss vor: Vat. ar. 9 (J. 1583), ff. 77r-97v ( = V). Kairo 261 (J. 1795), ff. 103v-115r (=K1); die mit V gemeinsamen Stücke haben viele Varianten. Kairo 333 (J. 1739), ff. 184r-190v; 434 (17/18. Jh.), ff. 92r-94r, im Kap. 48 einer Moral-Anthologie; 573 (J. 1846), ff. 96r-101r (= K2). Sbath 1079 (17. Jh.). Mingana syr. 481 (karš., J. 1689), ff. 221v-225v; ebd. ar. Christ. 60 (J. 1771), ff. 171r-173v als Bestandteil der Collectanea "Buch der Biene" von dem Patr. Makarius ibn az-Za‘īm.

Die in den vorstehenden Schriften und Sammlungen aufgeführten heidnischen Kronzeugen für christliches Glaubensgut sind die grossen Philosophen und Klassiker der Griechen einschliesslich des apokryphen Hermes Trismegistos, die "sieben Weisen von Athen", die in Delphi apollinische Orakel empfangen, meistens einfach als "Apollo" zitiert, auch die Sibylle, andere weniger bekannte Persönlichkeiten, dann ausserhalb des hellenischen Baumes der biblische Balaam, ein Weiser, den Kaiser Augu-stus ausfragte, oft als "Augustus" selbst angeführt, Orakel an den ägyptischen Pharao und die Perser Darius, Zoroaster und Manes.

Uebersichtshalber sei hier eine (noch nicht vollständige) alphabetische Liste mit allgemeinen Hinweisen auf die Fundstellen gegeben: Aemilius (?) der Philosoph (G). Anthimus (G). Apollo (M; V=K1 aus Athanasii Magni Commentarius de templo Athenarum, P. gr. 28, 1429 A; neue Ausgabe von Delatte, Le déclin. . ., S. 109; 4 G; wahrscheinlich auch ein 5. Zitat unter dem Namen Apollonius), Aristoteles (V = K1; 1 G aus Pitra a. a. O., S. 306; 1 G aus dem "vierten philosophischen Buche" des Ar.; + 1 G; 1 S aus seinem Buch mit dem Titel "Die hohen Wissenschaften" [Kitāb al-‘ulūm al-‘alīya], nur inhaltlich = J; 1 S aus seinem Brief an Alexander = J, hier unter dem Namen Pythagoras; 1 S aus seinem "Buch der Schätze" [K. al-kunūz] =J; + 1 S). "Ein Weiser

1 Nur sehr lückenhaft als Autograph in Vat. ar. 110.

2 Nach Kairo 111 (J. 1544), ff. 268 u-270 v. In der Druckausgabe P. or. III, 2 ist dieser Abschnitt nicht aufgenommen.

3 Nach P. or. XVI 639-642.

486 Dritter Abschnitt Patristische Literatur

(‘arräf) des Augustus" (2 V = 2 K1; S = J zum Teil; G). Bābās (für Bias? V = K1). Balaam (V = K1 = K2). Chilon (? - M "Kīlā[n]us"). Darius (G "D. der Weise"; V = K1 "D., der Sohn des Königs"). Demokrates (M = JS). Dionysius Areopagita (G, Sonnenfinsternis).

Hermes (M wie Didymus bei Pitra a. a. O., S. 305; P. gr. 39, 755-760, und Cyrillus Alex., P. gr. 76, 556A; ein Teil daraus auch bei G; + 1 M = JS; + 2 M; 1G wie Cyrillus bei Pitra S. 306; P. gr. 76, 553 A; + 1 G ähnlich wie Cyrillus, P. gr. 76, 552 D; + 7G; + 1G, Antwort des H. auf eine Frage des Pharao: welches ist der grosse Stern? Hinweis auf das Trinitätsgeheimnis, worauf der Pharao einen Tempel der göttlichen Dreifaltigkeit und dem Worte Gottes weihen lässt; 3 V = 3 K1; 1 S=1 J; 1 S = JS; + 5 S). Jason (M = JS "Nāṣūn"). Ilon (? — M "Ajūlun" = JS). Manes (M "Mānī" = SJ zum Teil; + 1 M). Marius (? — M). Miletus (M = JS mit verstümmeltem Namen). Numetius (G). Origenes "der Weise" (J). Orpheus (mit verstümmeltem Namen G wie Cyrillus, P. gr. 76, 552 C; 2 V = 2 K1; S). Zwei Tempelorakel an Pharao zur Zeit des Moses (G). Philo (M). Ein ungenannter Philosoph (V = K).

Plato (2 S, in anderer Rezension 2 V = 2 K1; + 1 S aus dem "Buch der Geheimnisse" [Kitāb al-asrār] = JS, in erweiterter Rezension V; + 2 S; M; 4 G). Plutarch (G aus Pitra S. 306; mit verstümmeltem Namen [?] V = K). Porphyrius (G, gekürzt aus Cyrillus bei Pitra S. 306, P. gr. 76, 554 B, und Didymus ebd. 39, 760; 4 1 G; V = K1; M, ähnlich in Gotha ar. 2882, f. 18v). Pythagoras (M, mit schwachen Anklängen an Cyrillus P. gr. 76, 548 C). Pythia (? — V "Fūbijā" = K1 Furbīja ?). Sibylle (V = K; 3 G, daraus ein gekürztes Stück mit ähnlichem Text bei JS; sämtliche Stücke fehlen in den "Sibyllinischen Weissagungen", ed. J. Schleifer). Sokrates (M; G). Solon (G, über das Leiden Jesu). Sophokles (V = K1; ein zweites Stück ebd. zweifelhaft wegen verstümmelten Namens; G). Themistokles (Gotha ar. 2882, f. 19 r). Thukydides (G). Titon (? — J "Aṯā*un; eine kürzere Rezension in S "yūnīyūn"). Xenophon (G, ähnlich wie Cyrillus, P. gr. 76, 552 A). Zoroaster der Philosoph (V = K1; 1 K1; J, inhaltlich gleich dem ersten Hermeszitat in S).

Verstümmelte, bisher nicht bestimmte Namen: ( 2 S + 2 S + 1 S; M; 5 verschiedene in G; 1 V = 1 K1 + 1 V = 1 K1 = K2; 1V = 1 K1).
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Old 11-09-2007, 10:04 AM   #144
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Get it in formatted form from here. Here it is minus bolds and italics:


145. Messianic proofs from pagan philosophers

The apologetical literature of the Christian orient used the doubtful evidence of falsified statements of ancient pagan authors and invented oracular sayings to confirm the divinity of Christianity and the truth of its teaching, as was also done to an almost indeterminable extent by Greek and late antique apologists 1. Collections of such proofs of differing extent and with changing text also were taken into the Arabic language in theological works, where they appear both among collections of quotations and patristic citations or separately in the manuscripts.

Greek ecclesiastical writers could point to Cyril of Alexandria 2, Didymus 3, and Theodotus of Ancyra 4, etc as examples. In both cases there are prophecies of the divine Trinity, the incarnation of the Word, the virgin birth of Jesus, the visit of the Magi, the massacre of the innocents, the divinity of Jesus, his miracle-working, and his passion, which depend either on the tendentious interpretation of real and attributed works and biographies, or on the expansion of pagan books of revelation (such as the Sibylline books).

1 On the existence of such prophecies see A.Delatte, Le déclin de la Legende des VII Sages et les prophéties theosophiques, in Le Musée belge 27 (1923) 97-111.

Without referring to this publication, the immense quantity of important texts and their mutual relationship is examined by A. von Premerstein, Griechisch-heidnische Weissagungen über christliche Lehre in Handschriften und Kirchenmalereien {=Greek pagan prophecies about Christian doctrine in manuscripts and church paintings}, in Festschrift der Nationalbibliothek in Wien, 1926, pp. 647-666.

An informative study on the origin and character of oracles created and used for Christian apologetic is given by Eduard Bratke in his book, Das sogenannte Religionsgespräch am Hof der Sasaniden {=The so-called religious dialogue at the court of the Sassanids} [T. u. U. N. F. 4, 3 a], Leipzig 1899, pp. 129-139.

2 Contra Julianum lib. I, PG 76, 549 ff.

3 De Trinitate lib. II, c. 27, PG 39, 753 ff.

4 In s. Deiparam et in nativitatem Domini, PG 77, 1430 ff.
However authors writing in Arabic do not draw from the first source, naturally. Their writings stand at the end of a line of development (not individually identifiable) which for some comes from Greek, although much contorted and developed, and for others derives from Syriac and Coptic sources. For already a preliminary and in no way conclusive investigation of the Arabic material, and a comparison with the readily available Greek texts 1 shows that they have comparatively few quotations in common in substance, let alone verbatim, and that -- at the simplest level -- the number of witnesses derived from earlier Christian writings increases. The latter feature is explained by the fact that through distortion and corruption the number of Greek (and non-Greek) names increases, and also names are transmitted in a form which cannot easily be attributed to their supposed origin.

The alleged prophecies of pre-Christian authors are used in the theological works of the following authors writing in Arabic 2:

Melkites: ‘Abdallāh ibn al-Fadl (11th century), in the 32nd chapter of his anthology "The Great Book of Benefits" (often circulated separately); and, at a later but somewhat indefinite date, Gerasimus, Superior of the Monastery of St. Simeon at Antioch, in his five-part apology for Christian doctrine (= G) 3.

Nestorians: The authors of 2 (3) theological encyclopedias which share the same name (in the original), the "Tower book"; i.e. Mārī ibn Sulaimān (= M; 12th century) 4

1 The most important publications are:

Angelo Mai, Oracula Sibyllina, Milan 1817.

K. Buresch, Klaros. Untersuchungen zum Orakelwesen. . . das Anecdoton Χρησμοὶ τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν θεῶν enthaltend, Leipzig 1889.

J. Freudenthal in Rhein. Museum 35 (1880) 416 f., only with Incip. of χρησμοί.

J. B.Pitra, Analecta sacra et classica V, 2 (1888) 305-308, reprinted in PG. 97, 722-725.

Pierre Batiffol, Oracula Hellenica, in Revue biblique N. S. 13 (1916) 177-199.

A. Delatte, id., pp. 107-111;

A. Delatte, Anecdota Atheniensia I (1927) 328-332.

2 More on this in vol. 2.

3 Found in Ms. Beirut 548 (16th century), ff. 243-271; this portion is also transmitted separately in many manuscripts.

4 According to Vat. ar. 108 (13th century), ff. 53r-54r.
and ‘Amr ibn Mattā (14th century) 1, also the plagiarist Salībā ibn Yūhannā.

Jacobites: An anonymous explanation of the Nicene Creed, Vat. ar. 148 (end of the 16th century), ff. 38v-40r (= J).

Copts: The earliest users of this kind of litterature is the bishop Severus ibn al-Muqaffa‘ of al-Ašmūnain (10th century) in his polemical "Book of the Councils" (= S) 2, and Yūhannā ibn Sabbā‘ (14th century) in a theological-practical manual (= JS) 3. The proofs mentioned by the latter are all borrowed, either from S or from M.

Free-standing collections may be found in the following Mss:

Vat. ar. 9 (1583 AD), ff. 77r-97v ( = V).
Kairo 261 (1795 AD), ff. 103v-115r (=K1). The pieces which it has in common with V have many variations.
Cairo 333 (1739 AD), ff. 184r-190v;
Cairo 434 (17/18th century), ff. 92r-94r, in Chap. 48 of a moral-anthology
Cairo 573 (1846 AD), ff. 96r-101r (= K2).
Sbath 1079 (17the century).
Mingana syr. 481 (karshuni., 1689 AD), ff. 221v-225v
Mingana ar. Christ. 60 (1771 AD), ff. 171r-173v as a component in the Collectanea "Book of the Bee" by the Patriarch Makarius ibn az-Za‘īm.
The principal pagan witnesses in the previously mentioned works and collections for the value of Christian belief are the great philosophers and classics of the Greeks, including the apocryphal Hermes Trismegistus, the "Seven sages of Athens", sayings from the Delphic oracle, usually cited simply as "Apollo", also the Sybil, other less well-known personalities, and then outside of the Hellenic culture the biblical Balaam, a sage whom the emperor Augustus consulted, often as "Augustus" himself, oracles to the Egyptian Pharaoh, and the Persian Darius, Zoroaster and Manes.

An (incomplete) overview in alphabetical order is given here, with the places where the text can be found.

Aemilius (?) der Philosoph (G).

Anthimus (G).

Apollo (M; V=K1 from "Athanasii Magni Commentarius de templo Athenarum", PG. 28, 1429 A; new edition by Delatte, Le déclin. . ., p. 109; 4 G; probably also a 5th citation under the name of Apollonius)

Aristotle (V = K1; 1 G from Pitra loc. cit., pp. 306; 1 G from the "fourth philosophical book" of Aristotle; + 1 G; 1 S from his book with the title "The higher knowledge" [Kitāb al-‘ulūm al-‘alīya], only in substance = J; 1 S from his letter to Alexander = J, here under the name of Pythagoras; 1 S from his "Book of treasures" [K. al-kunūz] =J; + 1 S).

1 Only very incompletely in autograph in Vat. ar. 110.

2 In Cairo 111 (1544 AD), ff. 268v-270v. This portion was not included in the printed edition in Patrologia Orientalis III, 2.

3 P. Or. XVI pp. 639-642
"A wise man (‘arrāf) of Augustus" (2 V = 2 K1; S = J in part; G).

Bābās (for Bias? V = K1).

Balaam (V = K1 = K2).

Chilon (? - M "Kīlā[n]us").

Darius (G "Darius the wise"; V = K1 "Darius, the son of the king").

Democrates (M = JS).

Dionysius the Areopagite (G, about a solar eclipse).

Hermes (M like Didymus in Pitra loc. cit., p. 305; PG. 39, 755-760, and Cyril of Alexandria, PG. 76, 556A; one part of this also in G; + 1 M = JS; + 2 M; 1 G like Cyril in Pitra p. 306; PG. 76, 553 A; + 1 G similar to Cyril, PG. 76, 552 D; + 7 G; + 1 G, answer of Hermes to a question of Pharaoh: what is the great star? Reference to the holy Trinity, whereupon Pharaoh allows the consecration of a temple to the divine Trinity and the Word of God; 3 V = 3 K1; 1 S=1 J; 1 S = JS; + 5 S).

Jason (M = JS "Nāsūn").

Ilon (? — M "Ajūlun" = JS).

Manes (M "Mānī" = SJ in part; + 1 M).

Marius (? — M).

Miletus (M = JS with mutilated name).

Numetius (G).

Origen "the wise" (J).

Orpheus (with mutilated name G as Cyril, PG. 76, 552 C; 2 V = 2 K1; S).

Two temple oracles to Pharoah at the time of Moses (G).

Philo (M).

An unknown philosopher (V = K).

Plato (2 S, in a different recension 2 V = 2 K1; + 1 S from the "Book of the secrets" [Kitāb al-asrār] = JS, in an expanded recension V; + 2 S; M; 4 G).

Plutarch (G as Pitra p. 306; with mutilated name [?] V = K).

Porphyry (G, abbreviated from Cyril in Pitra p. 306, PG. 76, 554 B, and Didymus id. 39, 760; + 1 G; V = K1; M, similarly in Gotha ar. 2882, f. 18v).

Pythagoras (M, weakly similar to Cyril PG. 76, 548 C).

Pythia (? — V "Fūbijā" = K1 Furbīja ?).

The Sibyl (V = K; 3 G, from which a shortened piece with similar wording in JS; all of these pieces are missing from "Sibyllinischen Weissagungen", ed. J. Schleifer).

Socrates (M; G).

Solon (G, on the passion of Jesus).

Sophocles (V = K1; a second piece attributed to him may possibly be present, but with mutilated name; G).

Themistocles (Gotha ar. 2882, f. 19 r).

Thucydides (G).

Titon (? — J "Atā��*un; a shorter recension in S "yūnīyūn").

Xenophon (G, similar to Cyril, PG. 76, 552 A).

Zoroaster the philosopher (V = K1; 1 K1; J, in substance similar to the first Hermes citation in S).

Mutilated, with a still uncertain name: ( 2 S + 2 S + 1 S; M; 5 different in G; 1 V = 1 K1 + 1 V = 1 K1 = K2; 1 V = 1 K1).
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Old 11-09-2007, 01:47 PM   #145
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More details on Al-Majd, from Graf's Geschichte vol. 2:

137. Abu 'l-Magd ibn Yuwannis (Yu'annis, Yunus) 1. Dieser Name verknüpft sich mit der Autorschaft einer "Erklärung des nizänischen Symbolum", in der zu den einzelnen Artikeln Belegstellen aus dem A. T. beigebracht und kommentiert werden. Als prophetische Zeugnisse für den christlichen Glauben werden auch die "Philosophen" Plato, Aristoteles, Augustus u. a. angeführt. Aus dem Titel und der Einleitung (in den 2 ältesten Hss) ist zu entnehmen, dass der Vfr. Priester war und aus der Stadt Minyah Beni Husaib in Oberägypten stammte, ferner dass die Abfassung auf Veranlassung des Bischofs Gabriel von Qüs geschah, der Abu 'l-Magd um Aufstellung von Beweisen für die christliche Lehre angegangen hatte. Im Hinblick auf die älteste handschriftliche Bezeugung muss die Zeit des Vfrs. vor der Mitte des 14. Jahrh. liegen.

1 Auf falscher Lesung und Nachschrift beruhen die Namensentstellungen Abul-Magedus, filius Junes (Ang. Mai), Abu 'l-Magd ibn Lus (de Slane), Abu 'l-Magdalus, al-Magdalus (Cheikho und Sbath).

Hss: Vat. ar. 158 (J. 1357), ff. 148r-157v. Par. ar. 205 (14. Jh.), ff. 79v-84v, unvollst. Bairut 569a (J. 1452), S. 183-231; 569b (J. 1897 nach einer Hs in Dair aš-*uwair), S. 124-158. --- Mingana syr. 308 (karš., J. 1804), ff. 80v-96v. Sbath 47 (karš., J. 1863), S. 163-308; 701 (17. Jh.); Fihris 168 (3 Hss). *arfeh ar. 16/2; II 3 (18. Jh. ?)1. Wenn für diese letzten Hss syrischer Provenienz bemerkt wird, dass der Vfr. melchitischer Priester und im J. 992 Ch. (!) in Diyarbakr als melchitischer Priester gestorben sei, so handelt es sich wohl nur um eine willkürlich zusätzliche Glosse eines Kopisten oder eines Lesers.

1 Das gleiche Werk vielleicht auch unter den Anonyma unten.
Translation:

137. Abu 'l-Magd ibn Yuwannis (Yu'annis, Yunus) 1.

This name is linked with the authorship of an Explanation of the Nicene Creed, in which for each article references from the Old Testament are given and commented on. The "philosophers" Plato, Aristotle, Augustus, etc, are brought in as prophetic proofs of the Christian faith. From the title and introduction (in the two oldest manuscripts) we learn that the author was a priest and came from the town of Minya Beni Husaib in Upper Egypt. In addition we learn that the work was commissioned by the bishop Gabriel of Qus, who instructed Aby 'l-Majd to draw up a list of proofs for the Christian teaching. Because of the oldest manuscript witness, the author must have lived before the middle of the 14th century.

1 The following names are based upon a false reading and postscript: Abul-Magedus, filius Junes (Ang. Mai), Abu 'l-Magd ibn Lus (de Slane), Abu 'l-Magdalus, al-Magdalus (Cheikho und Sbath).
Mss:

Vat. ar. 158 (1357 AD), ff. 148r-157v.
Par. ar. 205 (14th century), ff. 79v-84v, incomplete.
Bairut 569a (1452 AD), ff. 183-231;
Beirut 569b (1897 AD copied from a Ms in Dair aš-*uwair), ff. 124-158.
Mingana syr. 308 (karšuni, 1804 AD), ff. 80v-96v.
Sbath 47 (karšuni, 1863 AD), ff. 163-308
Sbath 701 (17th century);
Fihris 168 (3 Mss).
*arfeh ar. 16/2; II 3 (18th century ?)1.
A Syrian provenance can be noted for these last manuscripts, that the author was a melkite priest and died in 992 AD in Diyarbekir as a melkite priest. But this is probably only an arbitrary gloss by a copyist or a reader.

1 The same work perhaps also is anonymous.
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Old 11-19-2007, 07:05 AM   #146
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I've found an important recent study by P F Beatrice Anonymi Monophysitae Theosophia a new attempt to reconstruct the Theosophia. (It had been in effect mislaid in the Cambridge University Library's cataloguing process, but after I made enquiries staff very kindly located and catalogued it.)

Important points are that
i/ Beatrice regards the Theosophia of Aristokritos as quite different from the Theosophia partially preserved in works such as the Tubingen Theosophy.
ii/ He emphasizes the centrality of the original behind the Tubingen Theosophy for later works citing non-Christian sources in support of Christianity, particularly in the case of Syriac and other Eastern works. He claims that works such as the Baalbek Oracle were originally part of the Theosophia
iii/ Beatrice emphasizes the Monophysite origins of the Theosophia

I am not entirely convinced by his claim i/ and I will try and say more about this later. (I agree that if the two Theosophia are the same work then the abjuration formula seriously misrepresents the work, but I think such misrepresentation is more plausible than Beatrice does)

Beatrice has argued both in this work and in Le Livre d'Hystaspe aux mains des Chretiens pps 357-382 in Les Syncretismes Religieux dans le Monde Mediterraneen Antique that the prophecy attributed to Zoroaster in Theodore Bar-Koni and later writers comes from the Theosophia.

He gives an English translation of Theodore which I will quote.

Quote:
Sitting near the spring of waters at Glousa of Hurin, at the place chosen for bathing by the ancient kings, Zoroaster opened his mouth and spoke thus to his disciples, Hystaspes, Sassan and Mahman.

I address you, my friends and my sons, whom I have nourished with my doctrine. Listen to me, and I shall reveal to you the wondrous mystery about the great king who must come into the world. Indeed, at the end of times, at the moment of dissolution which puts an end to them, a child will be conceived and will be formed with all his limbs in the womb of a virgin untouched by man. He will be like a tree with fine branches and laden with fruit, standing on arid ground.

The inhabitants of that land will oppose his growth and strive to uproot him from the ground, but they will not succeed. Then they will seize him and kill him on the scaffold; the earth and the sky will go into mourning for his violent death and all the families of nations will weep for him. He will open the descent into the depths of the earth; and from the depth he will rise towards the Most High. Then he will be seen coming with the army of light, borne on white clouds, because he is the son conceived by the Word which generates all things.

Hystaspes said to Zoroaster:

He of whom you said all that, whence comes his power ? Is he greater than you, or are you greater than he ?

Zoroaster said to him:

He will arise from my family and my lineage. He is I and I am he. He is in me and I am in him. When the beginning of his coming is made manifest, great wonders will appear in the sky. A bright star will be seen in the middle of the sky, its light will be greater than that of the sun. Now, my sons, you the seed of life, issued from the treasure of light and of the spirit, which has been sown in the soil of fire and water, you will have to be on your guard and watch out for what I have told you, waiting for it to come about, because you will know in advance of the coming of the great king, whom captives await so that they may be set free.

So now, my sons, guard the mystery that I have revealed to you; let it be written in your heart and preserved in the treasure of your souls. And when the star of which I spoke arises, let messengers be sent by you, laden with gifts, to adore him and make offers to him. Do not neglect him, lest he makes you perish by the sword, for he is the king of kings and it is from him that all receive the crown. I and he are one.
Andrew Criddle
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Old 11-19-2007, 08:19 AM   #147
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Thank you for this Andrew, which is most interesting!

I have discovered that there is an excursus by Roger Beck, "Thus spake not Zarathustra" on the mass of pseudo-Zoroaster material of late antiquity and beyond, in Mary Boyce, History of Zoroastrianism, vol. 3. (I found it by accident while searching Google books for 'Mages Hellenises', as the start of the excursus is included there). I have this at home but haven't done more than skim it (high temperature last weekend, when it arrived)

One bit of interest: almost all the Zoroaster stuff is about astrology. Interestingly there is also some in Arabic that *is* derived from a Sassanid source.

I've also been in contact with St. Joseph University in Beirut, and have sent them money for copies of the text of al-Majdalus in their two mss (one of which is the oldest). My intention is to get this text transcribed and translated.
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Old 11-24-2007, 03:24 AM   #148
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We have a new witness! And it also uses stuff about Alexander, Aristotle, and talismans, as Ms. Mingana 142 did.

From Graf's list of witnesses, I saw that 'JS' did not have the Zoroaster quote, but was mainly copied from S which did. So I looked up JS -- Yūhannā ibn Sabbā‘ (=John Ibn Saba) in the Patrologia Orientalis 16. This contains the first 56 chapters (about half the work) of The precious pearl: an encyclopedia of theological knowledge. John Ibn Saba himself is a Copt of the 14th century, and this work is his only work.

Luckily I didn't just photocopy the bit listed by Graf, but the whole work up to that point. Graf must have missed the use of the Zoroaster quotation in the chapter earlier on the Sabaeans -- my eye happened to fall on it by accident. This chapter contains also the Alexander stuff.

The PO edition here is Arabic and French. It looks as if the second half of the work never appeared. I will translate the French and post it here.
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Old 11-24-2007, 04:19 AM   #149
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A glance at CG Jung Collected Works may be appropriate!

http://www.scribd.com/doc/90084/Jung...gy-And-Alchemy
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Old 11-24-2007, 04:40 AM   #150
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Quote:
Originally Posted by Clivedurdle View Post
A glance at CG Jung Collected Works may be appropriate!

http://www.scribd.com/doc/90084/Jung...gy-And-Alchemy
Sorry, I don't see the relevance?

All the best,

Roger Pearse
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