FRDB Archives

Freethought & Rationalism Archive

The archives are read only.


Go Back   FRDB Archives > Archives > Religion (Closed) > Biblical Criticism & History
Welcome, Peter Kirby.
You last visited: Yesterday at 03:12 PM

View Poll Results: Has mountainman's theory been falsified by the Dura evidence?
Yes 34 57.63%
No 9 15.25%
Don't know/don't care/don't understand/want another option 16 27.12%
Voters: 59. You may not vote on this poll

 
 
Thread Tools Search this Thread
Old 10-23-2008, 03:43 AM   #221
Contributor
 
Join Date: Mar 2006
Location: Falls Creek, Oz.
Posts: 11,192
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by spin View Post
The reason why the situation was different for Constantine was that he had a ready-made support group of christian believers.
Dear Spin,

You are assuming we have evidence that there were believers in the new testament canon before 312 CE. What evidence are you going to cite to support that assumption? One frescoe at Dura-Europa, now at Yale Divinity College, and one Diatesseron fragment also from Dura, on the Persian frontier? Do you play poker spin? This sounds like a bluff.

Best wishes,


Pete
mountainman is offline  
Old 10-23-2008, 05:00 AM   #222
Veteran Member
 
Join Date: Sep 2003
Location: On the path of knowledge
Posts: 8,889
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by J-D View Post
Quote:
Originally Posted by Sheshbazzar View Post

Perhaps your living room in -today's- New South Wales is a "private place".
But it is doubtful that 3rd century Roman officials would have considered the living rooms of residences in Dura Europos private, particularly if any rumor came to their ears of such house serving as a place of christian meeting and worship. (and it likely would have, given the garish decor)
With a Imperial ruling in place barring the practice of christianity, the doors would have been smashed in and trodden under the sandals of Roman soldiers, "Christian" icons and murals would have been destroyed, and likely the entire residence burned or leveled to the ground, the owner and any one else identified as participating in the crime against the Imperium, punished and/or executed in compliance with Roman Law.
Again, to me, the very survival of the Dura Europos site points to it having been known to the Roman authorities, and having been accepted by those authorities as being non-christian.
A contemporary Jewish synagogue found in the same vicinity evidences the presence of an active Jewish diaspora congregation.
It is my theory, that the so-called (mis-identified) "house-church" was, and was considered by Roman government officials to be a Jewish Synagogue, a "Beit Knesset" of The Jewish Sect of The Nazarenes, and thus not found to be in any violation of Roman Law.
I posit that the colorful murals were intended to attract Dispora Jews to a new and vibrant form of Judaism, one whose Saints and Heroes were "up to date" and reflective of contemporary Jewish concerns, rather than just the thousand year old ones that were repetitiously and monotonously eulogised in that "old-time" synagogue just down the street.
Gentiles, Strangers would also be welcomed, and accepted as full and equal members, IF they converted, and were circumcised, as Peter, James and the other Jerusalem Apostles taught and did.

The half-baked, still semi-pagan Gentile "CHRESTians" / "Christians" were still hiding out and engaged in their continual "doctoring" up (under the pseudonym of "Paul") of their composite Pagan/Jewish no-law theology.

Of course being a JEWISH Nazarene home synagogue, a "Beit Knesset", there would be no "big pink cross" in that living room, as these Jews would want nothing to do with such "christian" items and idols, which a display of would most certainly endanger their protected "Jewish" status with the Roman authorities.
As I now understand it, you disagree both with generally accepted views about the origins of Christianity and with Pete's views on that subject. You don't think that the Dura evidence (which you explain in terms of your theory) counts against Pete's theory. So what is your reason for rejecting Pete's theory?
To state my position yet another way, The Greco-Roman religion of the Gentiles, fabricated under the pseudonym of "Paul" and called "Christian" was NOT the same religion held by the Jerusalem Apostles.
No, I do not believe that the Dura evidence counts against Pete's theory, as a NAZARENE synagogue is aJEWISH synagogue.
Nazarenes were Jews, and JEWISH, not "Jewish-christians". a misnomer and anachronism.
Their religion, theology and practices remained distinctively Jewish, and they rejected the innovations of Pauline created "christianity".
Pete's theory is great for pointing out that Eusebian "christian History" is a total fraud, and that "christianity did not at all exist as it is described by the christian churches and uncritical secular history.
The weakness of Pete's theory is its total denial of the existence of pre-Constantine, pagan-Gentile "ChrEstians". and "christians", who did exist and practiced a different religion derived from the Jewish Nazarene religion.
Sheshbazzar is offline  
Old 10-23-2008, 07:43 AM   #223
Contributor
 
Join Date: Mar 2004
Location: Dallas, TX
Posts: 11,525
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by spin View Post
Quote:
Originally Posted by spamandham View Post

Miniscule evidence is still not 0.
Evidence is based on relevance. If no relevance can be shown you don't have evidence for the issue under consideration.


spin
I don't think we'll come to agreement on this, but I do see it as relevant, it just isn't very compelling.
spamandham is offline  
Old 10-23-2008, 08:56 AM   #224
Contributor
 
Join Date: Mar 2006
Location: Falls Creek, Oz.
Posts: 11,192
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by Sheshbazzar View Post
Quote:
Originally Posted by J-D View Post
As I now understand it, you disagree both with generally accepted views about the origins of Christianity and with Pete's views on that subject. You don't think that the Dura evidence (which you explain in terms of your theory) counts against Pete's theory. So what is your reason for rejecting Pete's theory?
To state my position yet another way, The Greco-Roman religion of the Gentiles, fabricated under the pseudonym of "Paul" and called "Christian" was NOT the same religion held by the Jerusalem Apostles.
No, I do not believe that the Dura evidence counts against Pete's theory, as a NAZARENE synagogue is aJEWISH synagogue.
Nazarenes were Jews, and JEWISH, not "Jewish-christians". a misnomer and anachronism.
Their religion, theology and practices remained distinctively Jewish, and they rejected the innovations of Pauline created "christianity".
Dear Sheshbazzar,

Thanks for the restatement of your position. I would just like to comment that IMO the Pauline Letters were all fourth century forgeries, so that when you speak of Pauline "innovations", I count that as happening at the time the rest of the new testament canon was fabricated. The letters of Paul, IMO, in principal were written in to the new testament canon because it was common knowledge that important philosophically and "religiously admired historical figures" who were renown authors of books and of letters to other well known philosophers, such as Apollonius of Tyana, had their letters collected after their death -- by Roman emperors.

Quote:
Pete's theory is great for pointing out that Eusebian "christian History" is a total fraud, and that "christianity did not at all exist as it is described by the christian churches and uncritical secular history.

The weakness of Pete's theory is its total denial of the existence of pre-Constantine, pagan-Gentile "ChrEstians". and "christians", who did exist and practiced a different religion derived from the Jewish Nazarene religion.

On this matter I would like to state that although the canonical new testament did not exist prior to the fourth century there did exist an entire milieu of different collegiately, and academically networked in the cities of the empire, and its various far flung dominions, and which wisdoms sayings, and lists of inspiring sayings, and instructional parables and allegories, abounded.

One of the only supporters of the idea I found earlier and reported was the author who published under the name Dr. R. W. Bernard (1964) a book entitled Apollonius of Tyana - the Nazarene, which has been available on the net for some time. The link provided here is to the entire book. It makes a very interesting read, but the critical section dealing with the advent of Constantine and specifically the military councils of Antioch and Nicaea are dealt with in the following manner:

Quote:
Part 3: The Controversy Between Adherents of Apollonius and Jesus

In a very ancient manuscript of this Epistle, found in a monastery in France by a Huegenot soldier, called the CODEX BEZAE, the name is spelled not Apollos but APOLLONIUS. As has already been indicated, the Encyclopedia Britannica admits that the name, Apollos, as it appears in the Pauline Epistles, is an abbreviation of Apollonius.**
**But even this positive clue to the identity of Apollonius with the St. Paul of the Christians was attempted to be obliterated by substituting "Apollos" for Apollonius, as it originally stood. This studied avoidance of all mention of Apollonius in the Christian Scriptures is positive proof that his recognition, in any way, by the authors of Christianity, would be fatal to their scheme of deception and fraud. We Wonder they had not the cunning to obliterate that one reference to the preaching and teaching of Apollonius, and the admission that his teaching was in perfect accord with the teachings attributed to St. Paul.
It is an old saying that liars should have good memories. This was never more apparent than in the oversight of not eliminating that telltale confession from the lst Epistle to the Corinthians. [King James Version]. There it stands and there it will stand, thanks to the art of printing to confound those Christian enemies of truth and make clear the fraud they are upholding.

Reversing the true state of affairs, involving as it did the replacement of Apollonius by Jesus in the beginning of the fourth century A.D., Dr. Johannese Hempel writes: "In the fourth century we observe the replacement by the heathens of Jesus by a man who was put in his place. First Celsus and Porphyry, and later Hierocles put Apollonius in place of Christ and opposed the new religion.

Reversing the true state of affairs, involving as it did the replacement of Apollonius by Jesus in the beginning of the fourth century A.D., Dr. Johannese Hempel writes: "In the fourth century we observe the replacement by the heathens of Jesus by a man who was put in his place. First Celsus and Porphyry, and later Hierocles put Apollonius in place of Christ and opposed the NEW religion."
(**In the Eleventh Edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica under the heading of Apollos, we read: APOLLOS (contracted from Apollonius) - an Alexandrian Jew who after Paul's visit to Corinth worked there in a similar way (Italics ours). He was with Paul at a later date in Ephesus. In Cor. 1. 10-12 we read of four parties in the Corinthian church, of which two attached themselves to Paul and Apollos respectively, using their names, though the 'division' could hardly be due to conflicting doctrines. From Acts xviii. 24-288 we learn that he spoke and taught with power and success., He may have captivated his hearers by teaching "wisdom" as P.W. Schmiedel suggests, in the allegorical style of Philo, and he was evidently a man of unusual magnetic force...Since Apollos was a Christian and 'taught exactly' he could hardly have been acquainted only with John's baptism or have required to be taught christianity more thoroughly by Aquila and Priscilla. Martin Luther regarded Apollos [=Apollonius] as the author of the Epistle to the Hebrews and many scholars since have shared his view.")
Concerning the identity of Apollonius and Paul ["Pol", an abbreviation of Apollonius), not only were they both in Tarsus at the same time as boys, but, as Newman points out, Apollonius was at Ephesus and Rome at EXACTLY the same time that Paul was (yet, strangely, Apollonius's biographer makes no mention of him, though Paul's biographer speaks of "Apollos" having been at Ephesus with him). Also it is significant that "Paul" is a fictitious name. There is more reason to identify the character of Apollonius with Paul than "Saul," who led a dissipated life, while Apollonius - even in youth, lived chastely.

Concerning the identity of Apollonius, with Paul, Reville writes: "Apollonius is not only like Jesus Christ, but he combines in his own person many of the characteristics of the Apostles. Like Paul he travels up and down the world from east to west, and like him, too, he is the victim of Nero's jealousy. Like John, according to a tradition which prevailed even in his time, he is persecuted by Domitian." And there is reason to believe that he was also the author of the Apocalypse (St. John the Revelator).

The replacement of the vegetarian and pacifistic doctrine of Apollonius, who taught harmlessness to all living beings, animal as well as human (as was previously taught by gotama Buddha), by the non-vegetarian and non-pacifistic religion of Jesus and his bride, the Church Militant, has plunged the world into centuries of unceasing wars and bloodshed, which have continued to increase with the growth of Christianity. On this point, Tredwell writes; "Think not that I come to send peace on earth," said Jesus. "I come not to send peace but a sword....

Never did a man utter words so brimful of truth -- melancholy as it is. Never was a prediction whose disastrous fulfillment has unfortunately lasted without intermission from time time of its promulgation to the present. From the very establishment of the religion of Jesus, the sword has remained unsheathed in its service, and more victims have been sacrificed to its manes than to all other causes combined. Lest he should be misunuderstood concerning his mission Jesus reiterates that he came to send fire on earth, and strife to make divided households, fathers against sons, mothers against daughters, and that under the new regime, "a man's foes shall be those of his own household! Bolingbroke says, "The scene of Christianity has always been a scene of dissension, of hatred, of persecution and of blood." Erasmus said the church was born in blood; grew in blood; succeeded in blood, and will end in blood."

Tredwell pointed out that Christianity forced its way forward by mass executions and at the point of the sword. It was in this way that the "Church Militant" was born and was enabled to develop as a world power. Born in bloodshed (the brutal murder of Hypatia by Christian "monks" soon after the Council of Nicea, by order of Cyril, Bishop of Alexandria, who was subsequently "sainted," and the ensuing massacres of the Manicheans), it grew by bloodshed (the deaths of tens of millions of true followers of Christ, who refused to accept the false hypocritical teachings of the church, over three million women having been put to death in Europe only a few centuries ago as witches), it shall die in bloodshed (the aftermath of the recent world carnage which is fruit of sixteen centuries of false Christian teachings of peace, carried on with an olive branch in one hand and a sword in the other).

All this resulted from the fraudulent replacement of the original religion of Apollonius by the "new" religion of the Church of Rome which took place at the Council of Nicea in the year 325 B.C.*
[b](*The word "new" here is significant. It clearly indicates that at the beginning of the fourth century, Christianity, as created by the Council of Nicea, was indeed a new religion, and was preceded by the religion established by Apollonius three centuries previously, which may be more properly called Essenism, a form of Neo-Pythagoreanism in character, the new doctrines which Apollonius brought from India and introduced among the Essenes, which gave rise to the new sect known as the NAZARENES or THERAPEUTS, whose doctrines were essentially Buddhist in nature.)
Since this date humanity has been led astray. It is the purpose of this book to correct this historic error and to bring humanity back to the truth, so that, purged by the recent suffering, mankind once more will return to the true scientific path of natural, healthful and humane living taught by the great Pythagorean philosopher, Apollonius of Tyana, nearly two thousand years ago.
I am therefore in no manner disputing the existence of pre-Constantine, pagan-Gentile "ChrEstians", who did exist and practiced a different religion derived from the Jewish Nazarene religion. However I see the Jewish Nazarene as a subsiduary religion in terms of scale and thus popularity within the Roman empire when compared to the very popular religion associated with the Greek and Egyptian gods of Apollo, and though him Asclepius the Healing God. The dominant philosophical, mathematical and scientific technologies were fostered in the empire from the time of Pythagoras by the greek academies of Plato et al through an unbroken chain which included Apollonius of Tyana through to Porphyry of Tyre and Iamblichus and Sopater (and probably Arius of Alexandria) through to the rise of Constantine, who cut this branch off.

The ancient greek civilisation of the eastern empire was a milieu of the Egyptian and the Greek and the Roman and the Persian and the African and the Celtic and the Jewish and the Hebrew and the Parthian and even the Indian --- we have shiva relics in Italy. It should be stated that the role of the Pontifex Maximus included the coordination of all the pontiffs (heads) of all the various religious cults at special events, such as midwinter and midsummer, etc, etc.

The operative words (in the pre-Nicene religious milieu) here I wish to stress are cooperative and collegiate and tolerance. Constantine ripped this apart. He was not cooperative but instead a malevolent despot. He was not collegiate, but rather insanely authority driven, as if the absolute power had gone to his head due to his successes, as indicated by his executions immediately following the Council of Nicaea. And he was not tolerant, but excessively intolerant of any and all opposition to his despotic initiatives.

The key to understanding the religious cults of the first three centuries is more than just the literature, since much of its did not survive. It is very important IMO to additionally review the monumental evidence and citations available in the archaeological fields, and it is for this reason that I have assembled a collation nof references to substantiate the undisputable ubiquitous nature of the ancient archaeological citations supporting this greek and then Roman Healing god, whose name serviced the public hospital system for the period 500 BCE to 500 CE. The Therapeutae of Asclepius were the temple and shrine assistants, who in a custodial fashion manned the ancient structures which Constantine utterly destroyed, and prohibited standard business-as-usual use of.

There as an interruption in services for perhaps a millenium, in which two bogus fraudulent fictional and totally inept christian saints were tendered as replacements. But the people of the Rennaisance woke up to the reality of the need for proper medical skills and knowledge which was not to be had in the authority of the churches patron saints --- somehow the miracles just did not seem to happen after the apostles left the planet. Who knows why? The symbol of Asclepius and his staff with the snake entwined around it returned to the medical profession (of Europe) and today --- statistically --- the emblem of Asclepius is used by the medical profession.


Best wishes,


Pete
mountainman is offline  
Old 10-23-2008, 09:12 AM   #225
Contributor
 
Join Date: Mar 2002
Location: nowhere
Posts: 15,747
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by spamandham View Post
Quote:
Originally Posted by spin View Post
Evidence is based on relevance. If no relevance can be shown you don't have evidence for the issue under consideration.
I don't think we'll come to agreement on this, but I do see it as relevant, it just isn't very compelling.
Perhaps you can outline any of this... this evidence that you imagine. I've only seen such things as a woefully misunderstanding of Julian, a denial of all evidence against the theory, an ignorance of the Arian dispute, a failure to account for the literary tradition, and a lack of sociological nous in dealing with the bizarre notion of the whole of the Roman empire suddenly being forced to take on the hypothetically new religion. This lunatic theory has been dealt with over and over again in all its inadequacy.

So, what substantive evidence do you see, be it compelling or not, in favour of the mountainman Eusebius created christianity theory??


spin
spin is offline  
Old 10-23-2008, 09:21 AM   #226
Contributor
 
Join Date: Mar 2006
Location: Falls Creek, Oz.
Posts: 11,192
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by J-D View Post
The propensity of some people to discuss theology at the oddest times was noted by Gregory of Nyssa ('Ask a man for change, he philosophises on the Begotten and the Unbegotten; ask the price of bread, you are told "the Father is greater, the Son inferior"; ask if the bath is ready, they say the Son is made from nothing').

It is not in dispute that Constantine saw Arius as a religious subversive. This is just as compatible with the generally accepted view as it is with your view.
Dear J-D,

The Father had always been with the Greek academics. The Son in the fourth century was treated as something new to make all sorts of weird comments about llike the one you mention above. The Son and the Father were two gods. All this is indications of common satire against this new son of the new Constantinian Testament, and its rapid adoption to state-level action plan A - all systems go, go, go and tax-exemptions at the ready.

However at the head of all these opinions concerning the wrong way to say things about Jesus in the fourth century, remained in the top place of the charts of heresies, a star performer every decade from the third right through until Cyril appeared to clean up christological thinking once and for all, were the words of Arius of Alexandria. Why did the generations retain these words? How important do you think they were, if they were theological? And if they were in fact political words, how important do you think they were?

Best wishes,


Pete
mountainman is offline  
Old 10-23-2008, 09:49 AM   #227
Contributor
 
Join Date: Mar 2006
Location: Falls Creek, Oz.
Posts: 11,192
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by patcleaver View Post
Are you claiming that Constantine forged documents and revised other documents as evidence that Christianity (as defined above) existed before Constantine invented it? Can you give us a minimum list of documents that Constantine would have had to forge or alter to establish the existence of such Christians.
Dear Pat,

As this is a very critical question I thought I'd add a few more resources for discussion which I have prepared along the way.

(1) Draft Specification of the Eusebian Fiction Postulate. (2008)

This is a treatment of the available and extant literature at the summary level of the authors of the literature. Although the claims are in respect of the documents supposedly authored (or not, as the case may be) by these people, I have not listed the documents themselves in the same exhaustive fashion that I have presented the authors. The authors are then categorised as follows:
Quote:
1) The fictional prenicene christians (who babble about things "christian")
2) The historical prenicene "pagans" (who have no knowledge of anything "christian").
3) The historical post-nicene christians
4) The historical post-nicene "pagans" and ascetics

(2) The Authors of Antiquity

This document may appeal to those who like color coding. RED for Bishops, GREEN for the pagans, PURPLE for the Roman Emperors, etc, and it attempts to present a gradually exhaustive list of anyone whom we know every wrote anything, or perhaps wrote something, in the literature of antiquity (and more recently for some).

(3) Statement of the Eusebian Fiction Postulate

This article uses a diagram to explain the chronology of the authors discussed above, and contains a number of diagrams showing how the fiction was assembled, and thrust upon the empire at Nicaea.


(4) The NON CANONIC as PAGAN POLEMIC

After the year 324 CE by my thesis, the new testament apochryphal literature was authored by the greek speaking academic, logician and ascetic, perhaps priest of Asclepius at Alexandria, Arius. The core set of non canonical acts are attributed to one shadowy author called Leutius Charinus. I think that this is Arius of Alexandria, and Arius wrote at least the following tractates:
* The Acts of John
* The Acts of Peter
* The Acts of Paul
* The Acts of Andrew
* The Acts of Thomas (enbedding in it the Hymn of the Pearl, an ancient gnostic ascetic text, perhaps of the 1st century CE)
* The Acts of Peter and the Twelve Apostles (NHC 6.1) ............ TAOPATTA)
* The Gospel of Nicodemus (including the Acts of Pontius Pilate)
I present these documents as being evidence of satire, parody and burlesque directed squarely against the Constantinian Canonical characters. In each and every one of the above, I am prepared to argue there exists humorous satire. The context of the satire (which needs to be understood first) is the politics of the fourth century, and the suppression of the greeks by the Constantinian regime and its new testament canon.

These documents have explicitly been referred to, by at least one academic commentator, as a textual critics nightmare. My contention is that they were written by an author who's cleverness exceeded that of Eusebius, and who was a true (Hellenic civilisation) gnostic, and an ascetic, and on the surface apparently very docetic --- the operative message being that Jesus only seemed to (historically) exist. And for the sake of posterity, in the case of the coptic TAOPATTA, that the figure of Lithargoel is to be associated with Jesus is the superficial treatment of that text. Lithargoel is to be associated with Asclepius. (In my opinion, which I am prepared to defend by debate - Doubting Thomasis please feel free to open a thread)


Best wishes,


Pete
mountainman is offline  
Old 10-23-2008, 09:59 AM   #228
Veteran Member
 
Join Date: Sep 2003
Location: On the path of knowledge
Posts: 8,889
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by mountaiman
I am therefore in no manner disputing the existence of pre-Constantine, pagan-Gentile "ChrEstians", who did exist and practiced a different religion derived from the Jewish Nazarene religion. However I see the Jewish Nazarene as a subsiduary religion in terms of scale and thus popularity within the Roman empire when compared to the very popular religion associated with the Greek and Egyptian gods...
Then we are in agreement.
I am content that the JEWISH sect of The Nazarene faith constiuted a minute fraction of a percent of pre-Constantinian believers, even if were it as little as "two or three are gathered together in" That Name (The "Watchword"), which Miriam actually bestowed upon her son. (hint; not the much more popular "JC" name of "christian" lore and fame.)
So with that little caveat, I say it again, give 'em hell Pete, 'cause we both know at the end of the day it will be evident how thoroughly they have been blinded and deceived by the lies of christianity.
Sheshbazzar is offline  
Old 10-23-2008, 11:00 AM   #229
Contributor
 
Join Date: Mar 2004
Location: Dallas, TX
Posts: 11,525
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by spin View Post
Quote:
Originally Posted by spamandham View Post
Reviewing the evidence and the thread again, I seem to have missed where the Dura evidence discusses Jesus' crucifixion. The text snippet states the women went to see the crucified, but it does not state Jesus is among them.
Umm, Salome and the women following him from Galilee to the crucifixion...?

Such reductionism seems obtuse.


spin
You're filling in the blanks with the canonical gospels. We don't know that's valid in regard to the Dura fragment.

Quote:
Originally Posted by spin
So, what substantive evidence do you see, be it compelling or not, in favour of the mountainman Eusebius created christianity theory??
I already provided it. That's what started this present exchange.
spamandham is offline  
Old 10-23-2008, 11:33 AM   #230
Contributor
 
Join Date: Mar 2002
Location: nowhere
Posts: 15,747
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by spamandham View Post
Quote:
Originally Posted by spin View Post
Umm, Salome and the women following him from Galilee to the crucifixion...?

Such reductionism seems obtuse.
You're filling in the blanks with the canonical gospels. We don't know that's valid in regard to the Dura fragment.
I haven't filled in anything. You're pretending that if you close your eyes tightly enough you can make the obvious christian content go away.

Quote:
Originally Posted by spamandham View Post
Quote:
Originally Posted by spin
So, what substantive evidence do you see, be it compelling or not, in favour of the mountainman Eusebius created christianity theory??
I already provided it. That's what started this present exchange.
As I gathered: nothing.


spin
spin is offline  
 

Thread Tools Search this Thread
Search this Thread:

Advanced Search

Forum Jump


All times are GMT -8. The time now is 05:19 AM.

Top

This custom BB emulates vBulletin® Version 3.8.2
Copyright ©2000 - 2015, Jelsoft Enterprises Ltd.