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Old 01-19-2010, 07:00 PM   #11
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Originally Posted by ApostateAbe View Post

What should matter the most is evidence and probability, and there should not be a default position. There is strong evidence that Jesus existed.
There is really no strong evidence for Jesus as a man. The extant information in the NT and Church writings depict Jesus as the offspring of the Holy Ghost of God, born of a virgin without a human father, the Creator, the Logos, who walked on water, transfigured, resurrected and ascended through the clouds.

There is STRONG evidence or information that Jesus was MYTHOLOGICAL.

The HJ is extremely weak or non-existent.

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Originally Posted by ApostateAbe
The evidence is excluded to Christian writings that claim miracle stories and other unlikely events, but it is strong evidence all the same.
The non-historical miraculous and unlikely events CANNOT SUPPORT the historicity of Jesus. You MUST use historical sources to support history.

You are using your imagination as an historical source for your HJ.

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Originally Posted by ApostateAbe
Included in such evidence is the historically-accurate elements of the gospels....
Your statement cannot be shown to be true.

You cannot name one single historically-accurate element about Jesus in the NT or Church writings.

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Originally Posted by ApostateAbe
..... The invention of Jesus apparently was not a long slow religious tradition, but it was an upstart cult that very quickly evolved and was very quickly established.
You have NO corroborative source of antiquity to support such a claim. You have no historical source that can show that Jesus Christ was just a man and that he started a cult in the 1st century before the Fall of the Temple.

Again, you are RELYING on your imagination as a corroborative source for your HJ.

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Originally Posted by ApostateAbe
But, my favorite evidence is much more direct. They are Paul's meetings of two people.

Paul in his letter to the Galatians reported on meeting James and Peter (Cephas). James is given the identifying title, "the Lord's brother," and Peter is identified as a strong leader of the Christian church. James is mentioned only in passing and Peter is mentioned in opposition with the author Paul. James is reported as a brother of Jesus in the Christian gospels and in the writing of Josephus, and Peter is identified as a direct disciple of Jesus in the gospels. There can be many explanations for these things...
You will notice that the Pauline writer, although claiming to have met Peter and James, did NOT write that he met JESUS CHRIST alive before he was raised from the dead.

The Pauline writer is NOT a witness to a living human Jesus but a resurrected non-historical Jesus.

It is absurd and illogical call INDIRECT or second-hand information "direct evidence". Even if Paul met someone who claimed to be a brother of Jesus, such a claim is NOT direct evidence of Jesus at all.

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Originally Posted by ApostateAbe
MJ advocates very often demand evidence that is not derived from Christian writings. The idea of excluding religious literature from the line-up of evidence is based on what can be a good way of thinking. We would much rather trust the unbiased sources. If we have plenty of information from unbiased sources, then the weird information coming from religious adherents has almost no effect on our model. But, when we have nothing but biased religious sources, then it is responsible to use those biased religious sources for what they are rather than discard them as if you have no information at all.
It is not true at all that MJ advocates discard religous sources since it is those sources that contain the information of the MYTH.

It is the HJers who reject or ignore all the MYTH and claim Jesus was just a man.

You claim that Jesus was just a man is DIRECT EVIDENCE you have discarded or ignored the religous sources that presented Jesus as a God/man.

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Originally Posted by AopostAbe
We have no non-biased information on Jesus, so we have to reconstruct the most likely Jesus from the information from Christians.
Christians claim Jesus was the offspring of the Holy Ghost of God who walked on water, healed incurably diseases instantly, transfigured, resurrected and ascended through the clouds.

You can easily construct a MYTH with the information from Christians if you did not discard all the MYTHOLOGY.

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Originally Posted by ApostateAbe
A similar problem exists for the Prophet Muhammad. There are no non-Islamic writing on Muhammad until centuries afterward. Since the earliest sources are Islamic, we must find the most likely theory using those Islamic sources to reconstruct the original character of Muhammad.
It is absolutely not true that the prophet Muhammad has the same MYTHOLOGY as Jesus Christ, the offspring of the Holy Ghost of God.

Muhammad was described just as a prophet. Jesus Christ the Holy Ghost of God was described as God, and of God, the Creator of heaven and earth.

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Originally Posted by ApostateAbe
There are several accepted models of Jesus among qualified secular New Testament scholars. In the minds of some MJ advocates, the diversity of these models betrays the lack of evidence for the historical Jesus. But, the most conclusive evidence for the historical Jesus, as I gave, does not speak to the sort of personality that Jesus had, so it is a non sequitur. The most popular and best models of Jesus seem to be that of the "wise sage" Jesus of the Jesus Seminar and the "apocalyptic prophet" Jesus of Bart Ehrman. Regardless, if the skeptics of a historical Jesus want their model to be taken seriously, then they need a model of early Christianity that makes better sense than any other model.
You have discarded the information from the Christian writers of antiquity. The Christian writers did not claim Jesus was a sage but the offspring of the Holy Ghost of God.

You have accused MJ advocates of discarding information but it is you who MUST DISCARD the MYTHOLOGY presented by the Christian writers and the NT.

Why don't you accept the witnessed statements in the NT and Church writings that Jesus was a God/man born without a human father who was raised from the dead and ascended through the clouds?

Because you have discarded the evidence of the MYTH.
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Old 01-19-2010, 09:02 PM   #12
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Wow, great response from spin there.

But I think Abe is a good representative of the "plain man's" view, though, so his argument is worth coming to grips with.

Yes, we rely on evidence, but an object becomes evidence in light of a prior intuition or theory about what counts as evidence, and what it counts as evidence for/against. (Similar epistemological point to the "go observe!" one.)

The problem is, certainly a bunch of texts are evidence of something, but part of the job is precisely finding out what they are evidence of - e.g. whether they're evidence of (e.g.) a human being called Jesus living at the relevant time, or evidence of a visionary mystical cult, or a made-up religion, or a series of misunderstandings about something entirely different (and, were we to discover the truth, unexpected).

The STORY CONTENT of the text needn't be the part of the text that's EVIDENCED BY the text. There's no logical necessity in that connection.

Copies of Action Comics No. 1 dug up by a future post-nuclear-Armageddon archaeologist would NOT be evidence of a "historical Superman" in any way. We know that - but the archaeologist could glean as much just from reading the damn thing. Would his logical reaction at that point be to think "oh there must have been some sort of historical fellow - perhaps some remarkable real-life do-gooder - at the root of this fantastic character!" Are we OBLIGED, when confronted with an ancient text about a miracle-performing entity with fantastic abilities, to think that, "Oh it's just so obvious, this story must, ultimately, be about a human being who once lived - any other explanation is sheer ad hoc!"?

It seems to me we don't yet know (and may never know) whether we are dealing with something more on the "comics" (i.e. mythical) side of the continuum or on the "embellished biography" side (of the continuum from "historical person", through things like "person with different name but similar biography", to "fraud", "fiction", "myth", "visionary entity", and many other possible options).

Maugre tradition, it seems to me that we are not obliged to immediately go for a historicist explanation: it's just one among many (and at present seemingly more or less equally plausible) options. There are all sorts of strange fish lurking in ancient literary waters. When we read about ancient peoples, they seem in some respects startlingly familiar, but in other respects alien. Some of the literary genres look familiar, others strange. And religious forms were also different - religion seems to have been more of a passionate affair, leading to sometimes bizarre behaviour (of course that still happens now sometimes, but it surely cannot be denied that religion is a more restrained affair, at least in modern liberal capitalist democracies, than it was through long periods of history - one need only think of the concept of sacrifice).
gurugeorge, I appreciate your judgments. When I say that there should be no default position, that includes the position of there being a historical Jesus to explain the Christian accounts. I take the theory of a historical Jesus to best explain the evidence, not because we automatically try to explain every mythical character with a historical human being. If a post-apocalyptic archaeologist were to find a Superman comic book, then ideally he would try to find the best explanation for Superman, be it with a historical person or a purely fictional character. The evidence would probably suggest a fictional character, given that it fits the patterns of fictional comic books--he is set in a completely fictional setting and the comics seem designed purely for entertainment. Jesus, in turn, fits the patterns of historical people--a cult leader who became the figurehead of a religion. Not only that, but there is a religious adherent who attests to meeting Jesus' brother and disciple--the brother as if it was nothing unexpected and the disciple as if the writer hated the disciple's guts. We could not possibly expect to find such a thing for Superman or any other merely mythical or fictional character. So I say that we do know that Jesus was a historical person, or at least we should know, and it is only a matter of facing that probability for what it really is. We should be saving our uncertainty for matters that are genuinely uncertain.
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Old 01-19-2010, 09:17 PM   #13
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Thank you, spin. I recommend that you don't do a line by line rebuttal. It may be better to just pick a few relevant points and explain yourself in depth. To illustrate, you said, "Utter rubbish, Abe. You don't choose anything. You, like those you try to criticize, have a starting position. You then fit your theory around your manipulations of texts."
When there are so many problems in what you throw together, how do you choose "a few relevant points"? Which errors are more relevant? I'd recommend that you stop writing such a large web of incoherence. The shorter your screed the fewer problems there will be to comment on, but you insist on waxing wafflingly.

Given the forum editbox's behavior of not preserving all the responded to material, when you write overblown posts, I'd recommend that you use a modern browser with tabs, keeping the post you are responding to in one tab and write your response in another. That way you can keep track of what the response relates to.

Now go back and deal with your mess.

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But I do not know what may be wrong with fitting a theory around the manipulation of texts. I figure that such a practice is far superior to manipulating texts around a theory. I don't know exactly what you mean by, "the manipulation of texts," but my guess is that it is the interpretation and evaluation of texts, and I take it to be a necessary thing.
You don't get to first base. You show no interest in doing history. You just confuse text with history, when you should be looking to find ways to validate the traditions in the texts. You assume that if you remove enough stuff you don't like, there'll be stuff left that is relevant. That's ad hoc nonsense. When you cannot evaluate the content of traditions, as you can't with these, you just don't know if there is anything of historical worth.


spin
Thank you, spin. I figure there are already ways to validate the traditions in the text, at least with probability that I find sufficient, but the problem seems to be that the postmodernists and the minimalists simply do not accept those ways because they are not done with the certainty the postmodernists and the minimalists demand. This would mean that we have little or no useful information about history, so I dismiss that philosophy for about the same reason that I dismiss the criticisms of religious Biblicists. It is a dead end, and useful knowledge can not be gained from it.
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Old 01-19-2010, 09:20 PM   #14
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When I say that there should be no default position, that includes the position of there being a historical Jesus to explain the Christian accounts. I take the theory of a historical Jesus to best explain the evidence,
This is all very mantric and all, but what evidence? How many times can you be asked to supply actual evidence? You tap dance around the contents of christian literature like a bird collecting shiny things for a nest. Stop for a moment and and try to do history. You claim that Jesus being historical is the best fit, yet you don't understand what it fits, so you have no "historical" for this Jesus.


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Old 01-19-2010, 09:27 PM   #15
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I figure there are already ways to validate the traditions in the text, at least with probability that I find sufficient, but the problem seems to be that the postmodernists and the minimalists simply do not accept those ways because they are not done with the certainty the postmodernists and the minimalists demand. This would mean that we have little or no useful information about history, so I dismiss that philosophy for about the same reason that I dismiss the criticisms of religious Biblicists. It is a dead end, and useful knowledge can not be gained from it.
So what is good for the goose isn't good for the gander. I have to do the hard work of showing that there is history behind Tacitus but you don't have to do so for the christian literature. We know that there is fact supporting Polybius, Josephus, Thucydides, Suetonius, etc. We know it because we can link it to reality. Get that idea? Link a text to reality? There might be a lot of crap still in the text given authorial ignorance, error, or bias, but you have a starting condition of linking a text through hard evidence to the time under consideration. Think of it as though you have a foundation to work from. Without it you can't build anything historical.

The simple fact is you know fuck all about the circumstances of the christian literature. You have proved this frequently, being asked to go beyond text manipulation, and you never can. Text will always just be text until you can tether it to reality. You may as well manipulate fairy tales for the good you are doing. You can't separate real from dross. You have no yardstick.


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Old 01-19-2010, 10:15 PM   #16
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... When I say that there should be no default position, that includes the position of there being a historical Jesus to explain the Christian accounts. I take the theory of a historical Jesus to best explain the evidence, not because we automatically try to explain every mythical character with a historical human being.
But, you are making your HJ the default position when you have no idea how the NT Jesus was derived.


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Originally Posted by ApostateAbe
If a post-apocalyptic archaeologist were to find a Superman comic book, then ideally he would try to find the best explanation for Superman, be it with a historical person or a purely fictional character. The evidence would probably suggest a fictional character, given that it fits the patterns of fictional comic books--he is set in a completely fictional setting and the comics seem designed purely for entertainment.
People presently do not worship Superman as a God and further the inventors of Superman did not claim that he did actually exist in reality.


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Originally Posted by ApostateAbe
Jesus, in turn, fits the patterns of historical people--a cult leader who became the figurehead of a religion.
How could Jesus fit the pattern of historical people when there is no known historical record of Jesus, the offspring of the Holy Ghost?

Jesus fits the pattern of MYTHS perfectly.

1. Virtually all information about Jesus are non-historical or implausible.

2. His birth and conception is improbable.

3. His deification in Jerusalem is improbable .

3. His purpose for coming to earth "to save mankind from sin" is mythological.

4. There is no history of Jesus outside the NT and Church writings.

5. No contemporary of the supposed Jesus wrote that they saw Jesus alive, before he was raised from the dead, not even the supposed contemporaries, the Pauline writers.

6. The only mention of Jesus called Christ in Josephus are forgeries.

Quote:
Originally Posted by ApostateAbe
..... but there is a religious adherent who attests to meeting Jesus' brother and disciple--the brother as if it was nothing unexpected and the disciple as if the writer hated the disciple's guts. We could not possibly expect to find such a thing for Superman or any other merely mythical or fictional character. So I say that we do know that Jesus was a historical person, or at least we should know, and it is only a matter of facing that probability for what it really is. We should be saving our uncertainty for matters that are genuinely uncertain.
But the same religious adherent CLEARLY claimed Jesus was NOT a man.

Look at Galatians 1.1 &11-12
Quote:
Paul, an apostle, (not of men, neither by man, but by Jesus Christ, and God the Father, who raised him from the dead)

11But I certify you, brethren, that the gospel which was preached of me is not after man.

12For I neither received it of man, neither was I taught it, but by the revelation of Jesus Christ.
And in this is the religious adherent in Ephesians 1.19-20
Quote:
19 And what is the exceeding greatness of his power to us-ward who believe, according to the working of his mighty power,

20 Which he wrought in Christ, when he raised him from the dead, and set him at his own right hand in the heavenly places..
You just completely ignore or discard all the MYTHOLOGICAL information from the religious adherent to continue with your claim without any external historical source.

The religious adherent is telling you quite CLEARLY that the so-called brother of James was the Son of God who was raised from the dead and ascended to heaven.
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Old 01-19-2010, 11:38 PM   #17
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If one of the many essential details is wrong, then the whole theory collapses like a house of cards.

If you put the Intelligent Design inside the species just as the gospel does with the upper and lower room in man that originates between 'God' and 'like god' of Gen 1 and 3, you will soon find that 'Lord God' of Gen 2 is it . . . before the fall and again after redemption.

All beings are sentient beings and all have a subconscious and a conscious mind wherein they also are "God an "like god" (except maybe evolutionsts who think that nature has a mind of its own), and it is in 'like god' conscious mind that they are co-creator with their own God subconscious mind, and that is how the Intelligent Design is self contained = inside the specias.
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Old 01-20-2010, 12:25 AM   #18
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But, my favorite evidence is much more direct. They are Paul's meetings of two people.

Paul in his letter to the Galatians reported on meeting James and Peter (Cephas). James is given the identifying title, "the Lord's brother," and Peter is identified as a strong leader of the Christian church. James is mentioned only in passing and Peter is mentioned in opposition with the author Paul. James is reported as a brother of Jesus in the Christian gospels and in the writing of Josephus, and Peter is identified as a direct disciple of Jesus in the gospels. There can be many explanations for these things:

Maybe "Cephas" isn't really Peter, and the verse identifying him as Peter is only an interpolation, and the writer of the gospel of John used the Epistle to the Galatians to link the two.

Maybe Peter is real, but he was chosen as a character in a fictional story or elaborate lie or myth.

Maybe "the Lord's brother" was only a title of religious respect the same way Paul uses "brother" or "brothers" to mean "friend," and the fact that "James" was listed as one of the brothers of Jesus according to Matthew, Mark and Josephus was only a coincidence since the name was so common. Maybe the title was known to the early Christians but not to later Christian tradition.

Maybe "the Lord's brother" was merely a redaction.

But the most probable explanation is that there really was a man named Jesus who had a brother named James and a disciple named Peter, both of whom met Paul.
We needn't even hang everything on this Galatians encounter -- even if we choose to zero in on the 7 authentic Paulines only. We needn't even circumscribe ourselves to considerations of James only. For there is also the telling passage in 1 Corinthians 9:5, where, among other things, Paul is careful to separate out the apostles from the siblings of Jesus -

5 Don't we have the right to take a believing wife along with us, as do the other apostles and the Lord's brothers and Cephas?

There isn't just James, then, as far as Paul is concerned, but at least two siblings of Jesus whom Paul clearly views as siblings of Jesus since he's careful here to term the apostles as apostles. I'm surprised that HJ-ers don't use this verse more than the verse in Galatians, since it strikes me as the more straightforward. (In any case, all of 1 Corinthians, for its trio of direct Jesus quotes plus its additional references to the Lord's brotherS and to a crucifixion "in this age" [yes, yes, I know the "demons" reading -- yawn], seems worth a separate niche all its own among the authentic Paulines.)

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Old 01-20-2010, 05:26 AM   #19
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Wow, great response from spin there.

But I think Abe is a good representative of the "plain man's" view, though, so his argument is worth coming to grips with.

Yes, we rely on evidence, but an object becomes evidence in light of a prior intuition or theory about what counts as evidence, and what it counts as evidence for/against. (Similar epistemological point to the "go observe!" one.)

The problem is, certainly a bunch of texts are evidence of something, but part of the job is precisely finding out what they are evidence of - e.g. whether they're evidence of (e.g.) a human being called Jesus living at the relevant time, or evidence of a visionary mystical cult, or a made-up religion, or a series of misunderstandings about something entirely different (and, were we to discover the truth, unexpected).

The STORY CONTENT of the text needn't be the part of the text that's EVIDENCED BY the text. There's no logical necessity in that connection.

Copies of Action Comics No. 1 dug up by a future post-nuclear-Armageddon archaeologist would NOT be evidence of a "historical Superman" in any way. We know that - but the archaeologist could glean as much just from reading the damn thing. Would his logical reaction at that point be to think "oh there must have been some sort of historical fellow - perhaps some remarkable real-life do-gooder - at the root of this fantastic character!" Are we OBLIGED, when confronted with an ancient text about a miracle-performing entity with fantastic abilities, to think that, "Oh it's just so obvious, this story must, ultimately, be about a human being who once lived - any other explanation is sheer ad hoc!"?

It seems to me we don't yet know (and may never know) whether we are dealing with something more on the "comics" (i.e. mythical) side of the continuum or on the "embellished biography" side (of the continuum from "historical person", through things like "person with different name but similar biography", to "fraud", "fiction", "myth", "visionary entity", and many other possible options).

Maugre tradition, it seems to me that we are not obliged to immediately go for a historicist explanation: it's just one among many (and at present seemingly more or less equally plausible) options. There are all sorts of strange fish lurking in ancient literary waters. When we read about ancient peoples, they seem in some respects startlingly familiar, but in other respects alien. Some of the literary genres look familiar, others strange. And religious forms were also different - religion seems to have been more of a passionate affair, leading to sometimes bizarre behaviour (of course that still happens now sometimes, but it surely cannot be denied that religion is a more restrained affair, at least in modern liberal capitalist democracies, than it was through long periods of history - one need only think of the concept of sacrifice).
gurugeorge, I appreciate your judgments. When I say that there should be no default position, that includes the position of there being a historical Jesus to explain the Christian accounts. I take the theory of a historical Jesus to best explain the evidence, not because we automatically try to explain every mythical character with a historical human being. If a post-apocalyptic archaeologist were to find a Superman comic book, then ideally he would try to find the best explanation for Superman, be it with a historical person or a purely fictional character. The evidence would probably suggest a fictional character, given that it fits the patterns of fictional comic books--he is set in a completely fictional setting and the comics seem designed purely for entertainment. Jesus, in turn, fits the patterns of historical people--a cult leader who became the figurehead of a religion.
But how do you know it isn't also a story designed purely for entertainment, or a lie, or any of those other possibilities? You can have an entertaining story about a religious cult leader.

OK, I'm stretching it, but you get the point - there's a whole swathe of possible contexts for those texts that could instantly make them NOT EVIDENTIARY AT ALL, of anything.

I think you have to separately justify why you are taking the story elements as evidence of something.

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Not only that, but there is a religious adherent who attests to meeting Jesus' brother and disciple--the brother as if it was nothing unexpected and the disciple as if the writer hated the disciple's guts. We could not possibly expect to find such a thing for Superman or any other merely mythical or fictional character. So I say that we do know that Jesus was a historical person, or at least we should know, and it is only a matter of facing that probability for what it really is. We should be saving our uncertainty for matters that are genuinely uncertain.
The story in the gospels fits the story of a cult leader, sure - but the historicist still has to show that the story is evidentiary of fact. Knowing that a character in a story met and talked to another character in a story is totally different from knowing that the story about one character meeting another actually happened.

It's like this: sure, we have some writings that are part of a tradition that couches them in a way that makes them seem evidentiary (they're supposed to be written by eyewitnesses).

But we are under no obligation to follow that tradition, and treat them as evidentiary in any way, until we know (to some grain of detail) who wrote them, when, and (hopefully) why. Until then, they're in a sort of limbo. You can certainly imagine what it would be like if those texts really are eyewitness accounts, or sufficiently connected to eyewitnesses to serve as evidence - then you'd get some variation on the HJ theme. But I don't see any strong reason to believe that they actually are eyewitness acounts, or connected with eyewitnessing.

The strongest example you've given, the "brother of the Lord" one, just isn't convincing enough, given the arguments I've previously given you about that subject. As I've said before, it's the eyeballing connection that's needed to prove historicity - not the eyeballing of one character in the story by another (although that might be supportive), but some reason to believe that the story contains eyewitness testimony.

That was the whole point of the gospels - for generations, they were sufficient proof for most people that Jesus had existed, because most people trusted the Church's hype, that they were eyewitness accounts.

But when you gut them of that traditional elevation in epistemological status - well, they could be anything. Whether they are eyewitness accounts is one of the first things we would need to analyze. Because if there's no evidence of the eyeballing of a biological human entity in them, there's no evidence of a historical person.
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Old 01-20-2010, 06:19 AM   #20
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Actually there is a default theory on Jesus and it must be that he was MNYTHOLOGICAL.

The information provided by the NT and Church writings depict Jesus as the offspring of the Holy Ghost of God, born of a virgin without a human father, tempted by the Devil on the pinnacle of the Temple and on mountain tops, instantly healing incurable diseases with spit and mere commands, talking to storms, walking on water, transfiguring with resurrected prophets, being raised from the dead and ascending through the clouds.

That is the DEFAULT DESCRIPTION of Jesus. That DEFAULT description cannot be altered without first acquiring some other credible historical source of Jesus.

Homer's description of Achilles is the DEFAULT description of Achilles unless there is some other credible historical source for Achilles. The DEFAULT description of Achilles provides information for the DEFAULT theory that Achilles was MYTHOLOGICAL.

Assuming or imagining that Homer's description of Achilles must be wrong or was not true cannot alter the DEFAULT description of Achilles.

The DEFAULT description of Romulus and Remus provide the information to support the DEFAULT theory that they were MYTHOLOGICAL. Simply assuming or imagining that Romulus and Remus were historical does not in any way alter the DEFAULT description of MYTHS.

No-one can alter the DEFAULT description of Jesus as found in the NT and Church writings without FIRST finding some credible external historical source.

Matthew 1, Luke 1&2 and John 1 are the DEFAULT descriptions of the origin, conception and birth of Jesus. The NT is a DEFAULT source for Jesus. No-one can change that until they can provide an alternate credible historical source.

All entities considered Myths are directly based on the information provided by their sources and those are the DEFAULT source on which the MYTHS are based.

Achilles is a Myth by default.

Romulus and Remus are MYTHS by default.

Jesus of the NT must be MYTHOLOGICAL by the same means.

Jesus must be A MYTH by default. No one can change that by imagination and belief.
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