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Old 06-19-2012, 12:38 AM   #371
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If you want to argue that these fields are somehow fundamentally flawed (whether because of underlying assumptions, methods, the response of the public, some combination, etc.) then that's one thing. But you can't simply throw out a bunch of statements about problems in the field and decide that this amounts to hegemony.
Who cares what it's called? What's really interesting is the substance of what's happening in academia and how that affects the search for truth.
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Old 06-19-2012, 12:51 AM   #372
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If you want to argue that these fields are somehow fundamentally flawed (whether because of underlying assumptions, methods, the response of the public, some combination, etc.) then that's one thing. But you can't simply throw out a bunch of statements about problems in the field and decide that this amounts to hegemony.
Who cares what it's called?
Those interested in communication. If I called historical Jesus scholarship a rigorous science, and someone objected, would you respond with
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Who cares what it's called?
I doubt it.

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What's really interesting is the substance of what's happening in academia and how that affects the search for truth.
Yes that's interesting, and important. But understanding this "substance" isn't furthered by throwing out terms used incorrectly along with invalid inferences.
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Old 06-19-2012, 01:00 AM   #373
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Because of context: he's noting that this isn't his area of expertise.
This cannot be the case since his closing remark is this:
Let me admit from the start that I am rather impervious to
any claim that sacred history poses problems which are not
those of profane history.
Why on earth do you call that his "closing remark?"

It is the closing remark after the remark that Biblical Historians are being treated by Momigliano as the insiders. With this remark Momigliano states that there are no problems that the insiders face which are not problems in the wider field of ancient history.

You have yet to explain why Momigliano alludes to the Biblical Historians as insiders and the ancient historians as outsiders.



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It's in the middle of a paragraph, on the first page of his article (and only the third paragraph). It's not even a concluding thought.
All this does not address the citation.

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Quote:
LM you need to road test your irony detection meter.
It could be broken.
Or, you simply didn't realize that "chapter one" was never intended to be a chapter, wasn't written as a chapter, and never checked the context in which it was published: as an article in an issue of a biblical studies journal which focused on the interaction between biblical studies and other fields by having four experts from four different related fields write about what their field can contribute to biblical studies.


Oh I see. Momigliano never intended to call the Biblical Historians the insiders and the Ancient Historians the outsiders. You've done alot of handwaving recently LM.
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Old 06-19-2012, 04:53 AM   #374
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If you want to argue that these fields are somehow fundamentally flawed (whether because of underlying assumptions, methods, the response of the public, some combination, etc.) then that's one thing. But you can't simply throw out a bunch of statements about problems in the field and decide that this amounts to hegemony.
Who cares what it's called?
Those interested in communication. If I called historical Jesus scholarship a rigorous science, and someone objected, would you respond with
Quote:
Originally Posted by gurugeorge View Post
Who cares what it's called?
I doubt it.
I'd be more interested in whether or not it is a rigorous science than in whether or not "rigorous science" is or is not the correct term to apply to the extant state of affairs in historical Jesus scholarship.

So: whether or not "hegemony" is the correct term to apply to the situation, or which version of "hegemony" is appropriate, these are interesting questions in their own right, no doubt, but less interesting - on this board - than questions of (for example) whether the scholarship is shoddy, whether the concern for a cosy stipend is trumping concern for truth, whether there's a certain sleepy acceptance of the "historical Jesus" amongst academics generally (because experts naturally assume that biblical scholar experts have done their homework on the matter - but what if they haven't?) etc., etc., etc. The causes and conditions of the state of affairs are also interesting - the history, the sociology, etc., and that's where a term like "hegemony" might (or might not) be appropriate. But the substance is what really matters.

Once again: to me and a few others here, none of the current wave of mythical Jesus thinking (at its high end) is so obviously dimwitted and stupid that it requires the weird kind of dismissal it gets. The lady doth protest too much.

Why is that? Well, that would be the topic of the thread.

Not what to correctly call the situation that obtains.
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Old 06-19-2012, 09:34 AM   #375
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Why on earth do you call that his "closing remark?"

It is the closing remark after the remark that Biblical Historians are being treated by Momigliano as the insiders.
Now you're simply lying. The "insider" line is his opening line. It's in his first paragraph. In his next paragraph, is state what he thinks, as a classical scholar, he can contribute. After this, he begins his third paragraph with what you call a "closing remark". It is nothing of the sort. It's an opening line of a paragraph and a transition from the introduction of his topic.

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With this remark Momigliano states that there are no problems that the insiders face which are not problems in the wider field of ancient history.
This is you're problem: you keep acting as if Momigliano said that biblical scholars were insiders, and every other historian or specialist were the outsiders. Only he never said this.. His comment on insiders/outsiders did not contrast biblical studies and everyone else, but stated that for any field, "common sense" tells us that the people who aren't in that field, aren't in a position to tell those in the field what to do. And in the case he is discussing, biblical scholars are the "insiders", and he (as a classical scholar) is an outsider.

If he was discussing near eastern history, he would be an "outsider". If he was discussing indo-european linguistics, he would be an "outsider".


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You have yet to explain why Momigliano alludes to the Biblical Historians as insiders and the ancient historians as outsiders.

He never does. He never says "ancient historians are outsiders" but that he (a classical scholar) is an "outsider" when it comes to biblical studies. If you actually read the sections you quoted, you'll notice that he constrasts (see, e.g., his third item in his three item list) biblical scholars and classical scholars, not biblical scholars and ancient historians. That's because he contrasting his field (classical studies), where he is the insider, with another field where he is the outsider.

Again, because you clearly had no idea of the context of his original articlce (because you thought it was a chapter in a book), you missed the fact that his entire point concerned how classical studies and biblical studies could collaborate.




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All this does not address the citation.
It does. You have completely missed his point (mostly because of the fact that you lacked the context of the article). You took the "insider/outsider" remark to mean "biblical scholars are the insiders, and ancient historians are the outsiders". Only that wasn't the point at all. Momigliano would be just as much of an outsider if he was talking about ancient celtic history. Or ancient egyptian history. Or ancient sumerian history. When it comes to classical studies (which concerns ancient greece and rome), Momigliano is the "insider". When it comes to other fields, whether biblical studies or Indo-European studies or whatever, he's an outsider.

You've set up this imagined contrast between biblical scholars and historians, completely missing the point. He not only specifically contrasts only his own field (classics) with biblical studies, when he talks about history in general, he never uses that insider/outsider distinction, but instead talks about the similarities that all historians face.


Quote:
Oh I see. Momigliano never intended to call the Biblical Historians the insiders and the Ancient Historians the outsiders. You've done alot of handwaving recently LM.
Where does he say "ancient historians"?

Quote:
Principles of Historical research need not be different
from criteria of common sense. And common sense teaches
us that outsiders must not tell insiders what they should
do. I shall therefore not discuss directly what biblical
scholars
are doing. They are the insiders.

Perhaps what I cand do usefully is emphasize as briefly as possible three closely interrelated points from my experience as a classical scholar who is on speaking terms with biblical scholars
.

That's the contrast. Not biblical scholars and "ancient historians." Again, Momigliano would be just as much an outsider if he were writing about some field of ancient history which was neither biblical studies nor classics.
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Old 06-19-2012, 04:11 PM   #376
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If you want to argue that these fields are somehow fundamentally flawed (whether because of underlying assumptions, methods, the response of the public, some combination, etc.) then that's one thing. But you can't simply throw out a bunch of statements about problems in the field and decide that this amounts to hegemony.
Who cares what it's called?
Those interested in communication. If I called historical Jesus scholarship a rigorous science, and someone objected, would you respond with
Quote:
Originally Posted by gurugeorge View Post
Who cares what it's called?
I doubt it.
I'd be more interested in whether or not it is a rigorous science than in whether or not "rigorous science" is or is not the correct term to apply to the extant state of affairs in historical Jesus scholarship.

So: whether or not "hegemony" is the correct term to apply to the situation, or which version of "hegemony" is appropriate, these are interesting questions in their own right, no doubt, but less interesting - on this board - than questions of (for example) whether the scholarship is shoddy, whether the concern for a cosy stipend is trumping concern for truth, whether there's a certain sleepy acceptance of the "historical Jesus" amongst academics generally (because experts naturally assume that biblical scholar experts have done their homework on the matter - but what if they haven't?) etc., etc., etc. The causes and conditions of the state of affairs are also interesting - the history, the sociology, etc., and that's where a term like "hegemony" might (or might not) be appropriate. But the substance is what really matters.

Once again: to me and a few others here, none of the current wave of mythical Jesus thinking (at its high end) is so obviously dimwitted and stupid that it requires the weird kind of dismissal it gets. The lady doth protest too much.

Why is that? Well, that would be the topic of the thread.

Not what to correctly call the situation that obtains.
What would be some examples of the 'weird kind of dismissal' you refer to?
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Old 06-19-2012, 05:57 PM   #377
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I'm not sure what mechanisms you are saying hegemony requires.
That varies depending on the theoretical model, but broadly speaking it requires an ability to exercise control over discourse and manipulate the public. Socio-cultural hegemony (as opposed to a political hegemony) requires a particular type of discourse between the elite and the "lower class" (usually sanctioned to some extent by the lower class) constantly maintained through pervasive dissemination of propaganda or similar forms of reinforcement. In other words, if the reason the historical Jesus is so widely accepted among experts is due to hegemony, we would expect to see a far more cohesive group ensuring their view is adopted by the public through a persistent engagement via various media with the public. Moreover, we would expect that either new generations would overthrow older, or that new mechanisms and paradigms be adopted and reinforced. Hegemony is about control. It's difficult to attain even in a particular region over a long period of time, let alone across continents over 200 years. Even Kuhn would have a difficult time explaining this one, because we have no consistent paradigm. A commonality among incredibly diverse views coming from a wide variety of specialists over decades and decades of research doesn't fit well into any explanation of an academic theory/belief held in spite of evidence to the contrary. The only realistic way to explain such unanimity over one part of a cross-disciplinary investigation lasting so long which doesn't involve them simply being right is that the general approach to ancient history no matter what the subject of inquiry is or the specialist is flawed. And, in fact, when we apply the approach used by mythicists to ancient history in general, we are left with a vacuum. If the philosophy of history and historiography implicitly adopted by mythicists (through their analyses of texts, scholarship, etc.) is the correct one (or more correct), then all we can say for most of ancient history is...not much of anything.



There's two problems here. The first is that the only way the media is able to make an issue out of a politician's statements about religion is because the "masses" eat it up. Second, you're talking about the US. More than any other country, Germany has been the heart of historical Jesus studies, and while for a century or so France, England, Italy, and the US have also been major players, that still means that out of all the countries where historical Jesus scholarship has been an area of intense research for some time, only one fits your description.

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This sounds like conspiracy, but it is just hegemony, there is no need to plan these things out in a backroom, it is all understood.
Except that isn't hegemony. That's a worldview. Hegemony needs to be constantly reinforced and maintained by the elite, through force or through other means (e.g., "manufacturing consent"). I think you need to look at how historical Jesus studies take place in other countries, and how these countries are when it comes to Christianity, media, corporations, etc.
There are systems of control and manipulation at work. You draw out my expample of the obligatory Christian statements that nearly all US politicians must make in order to be viable...you say, "it is because the masses" want it. The media feed the masses what they want. To some extent, that is true, but the media also create that which the masses want and reinforce it. It works both ways.
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Old 06-19-2012, 11:49 PM   #378
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You have yet to explain why Momigliano alludes to the Biblical Historians as insiders and the ancient historians as outsiders.

He never does. He never says "ancient historians are outsiders" but that he (a classical scholar) is an "outsider" when it comes to biblical studies. If you actually read the sections you quoted, you'll notice that he constrasts (see, e.g., his third item in his three item list) biblical scholars and classical scholars, not biblical scholars and ancient historians. That's because he contrasting his field (classical studies), where he is the insider, with another field where he is the outsider.
OK point taken in that we are dealing here with AM's comparison between biblical scholars and classical scholars. I was generalising this comparsion to biblical historians and classical (ancient) historians. The reason that I was generalising is found in the concluding statement of the citation I provided:
Let me admit from the start that I am rather impervious to
any claim that sacred history poses problems which are not
those of profane history.
Sacred history is studied by biblical scholars and biblical historians; profane history is studied by classical scholars and ancient historians.

When AM labels the biblical scholars as insiders, he means that they are inside the field of "sacred history", and that he is outside of this field. However the above statement indicates that to AM, there are no problems in the inside field (sacred history) that cannot be addressed by outsiders (profane history).


Momigliano's appeal to miracles

In Pagan and Christian Historiography in the Fourth Century A.D the same author (AM) describes the Christian victory as a "miracle", not once but twice.

We have just seen that he counterpoints sacred and profane history, and we know he is an ancient historian. Why do you think AM uses the term "miracle" (twice)?
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Old 06-20-2012, 12:44 AM   #379
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He never does. He never says "ancient historians are outsiders" but that he (a classical scholar) is an "outsider" when it comes to biblical studies. If you actually read the sections you quoted, you'll notice that he constrasts (see, e.g., his third item in his three item list) biblical scholars and classical scholars, not biblical scholars and ancient historians. That's because he contrasting his field (classical studies), where he is the insider, with another field where he is the outsider.
OK point taken in that we are dealing here with AM's comparison between biblical scholars and classical scholars. I was generalising this comparsion to biblical historians and classical (ancient) historians. The reason that I was generalising is found in the concluding statement of the citation I provided:
Let me admit from the start that I am rather impervious to
any claim that sacred history poses problems which are not
those of profane history.
Sacred history is studied by biblical scholars and biblical historians; profane history is studied by classical scholars and ancient historians.

When AM labels the biblical scholars as insiders, he means that they are inside the field of "sacred history", and that he is outside of this field. However the above statement indicates that to AM, there are no problems in the inside field (sacred history) that cannot be addressed by outsiders (profane history).


Momigliano's appeal to miracles

In Pagan and Christian Historiography in the Fourth Century A.D the same author (AM) describes the Christian victory as a "miracle", not once but twice.

We have just seen that he counterpoints sacred and profane history, and we know he is an ancient historian. Why do you think AM uses the term "miracle" (twice)?
Because "miracle" in common parlance often means "really, really, unlikely." Search through COCA and you'll see (non-registered users get something like 10 free searches, and I'm pretty sure that for first level registration you don't need any academic credentials).

Again, try to seperate the fact that you read this in a book of his work, and put it back into the context in which it appeared and for which it was written: a particular issue of a biblical studies journal which had four main articles asking people in related fields to talk about biblical studies.

So Momigliano politely (if not entirely truthfully) states that as an outsider, he's not one to tell biblical scholars how to do their work, and then continues on to see that despite this both disciplines share pretty much the same issues and questions. He starts by listing his three items, then stating that he doesn't see a difference between the issues in the texts biblical scholars work with compared to the works he's used to (in fact, he's read both and compares them), and goes on to point out other commonalities between both disciplines (which, he states later, are pretty much common to all historical research as well). After a page or so of talking about how he doesn't see much difference between the questions/problems he faces vs. biblical scholars, he does get into some criticism and also an area in which he believes classical scholars can be useful to biblical scholars. He ends the article with an area in which classical scholars have gained from collaborating with biblical scholars. The entire article is about collaboration and interdisciplinary activity. Which is why it appeared in a journal issue on that topic.
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Old 06-20-2012, 06:21 PM   #380
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I'm not sure what mechanisms you are saying hegemony requires.
That varies depending on the theoretical model, but broadly speaking it requires an ability to exercise control over discourse and manipulate the public. Socio-cultural hegemony (as opposed to a political hegemony) requires a particular type of discourse between the elite and the "lower class" (usually sanctioned to some extent by the lower class) constantly maintained through pervasive dissemination of propaganda or similar forms of reinforcement. In other words, if the reason the historical Jesus is so widely accepted among experts is due to hegemony, we would expect to see a far more cohesive group ensuring their view is adopted by the public through a persistent engagement via various media with the public. Moreover, we would expect that either new generations would overthrow older, or that new mechanisms and paradigms be adopted and reinforced. Hegemony is about control. It's difficult to attain even in a particular region over a long period of time, let alone across continents over 200 years. Even Kuhn would have a difficult time explaining this one, because we have no consistent paradigm. A commonality among incredibly diverse views coming from a wide variety of specialists over decades and decades of research doesn't fit well into any explanation of an academic theory/belief held in spite of evidence to the contrary. The only realistic way to explain such unanimity over one part of a cross-disciplinary investigation lasting so long which doesn't involve them simply being right is that the general approach to ancient history no matter what the subject of inquiry is or the specialist is flawed. And, in fact, when we apply the approach used by mythicists to ancient history in general, we are left with a vacuum. If the philosophy of history and historiography implicitly adopted by mythicists (through their analyses of texts, scholarship, etc.) is the correct one (or more correct), then all we can say for most of ancient history is...not much of anything.



There's two problems here. The first is that the only way the media is able to make an issue out of a politician's statements about religion is because the "masses" eat it up. Second, you're talking about the US. More than any other country, Germany has been the heart of historical Jesus studies, and while for a century or so France, England, Italy, and the US have also been major players, that still means that out of all the countries where historical Jesus scholarship has been an area of intense research for some time, only one fits your description.

Quote:
This sounds like conspiracy, but it is just hegemony, there is no need to plan these things out in a backroom, it is all understood.
Except that isn't hegemony. That's a worldview. Hegemony needs to be constantly reinforced and maintained by the elite, through force or through other means (e.g., "manufacturing consent"). I think you need to look at how historical Jesus studies take place in other countries, and how these countries are when it comes to Christianity, media, corporations, etc.
There are systems of control and manipulation at work. You draw out my expample of the obligatory Christian statements that nearly all US politicians must make in order to be viable...you say, "it is because the masses" want it. The media feed the masses what they want. To some extent, that is true, but the media also create that which the masses want and reinforce it. It works both ways.
Did you pick up on the point I've highlighted above?
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